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Understanding Light and Motion in the Aether: A Detailed Study on Frame of Reference

This document explores the relationship between light and motion through a theoretical framework involving Aether and various frames of reference. It details how Earth’s motion affects light pulses and introduces experimental setups with mirrors to observe fringe shifts, revealing the underlying concepts of relativity. The analysis covers gravitational effects, contraction of lengths, and the influence of motion on the perceived speed of light. Understanding these principles may challenge conventional notions of stationary and moving frames in physics.

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Understanding Light and Motion in the Aether: A Detailed Study on Frame of Reference

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  1. ux uy = uy u (a) Side View Top View Star  B rorbit Star h   Earth C A d Sun A D C fA fC  fB=fD Earth d rorbit N.B. The ratio of rorbit to d is greatly exaggerated. (b) S (Earth rest frame) S (Aether rest frame) v ux f f uy u Aether “wind” rushing backwards past Earth at speed v, “carrying” light with it. Earth stationary Earth moving at speed v through aether

  2. M2 M2 v (c2-v2)1/2 c (a) (b) Mirror M1 S (Earth rest frame) S (Aether rest frame) v c -v c M1 M1 Second glass block without silvering c + v c l2 Mirror M1 Semi-silvered surface of glass block Earth moving at speed v through aether Aether “wind” rushing backwards past Earth at speed v, “carrying” light with it. l1 Combine beams at angle  fringes Rotate apparatus  fringes shift if there is motion of the aether

  3. S S v Light pulse, speed c Light pulse, still speed c v v x x O O O O

  4. v S x O O x O O S v v Reverse the sign of v Swap the primes +v t +v t -v t v v S S x x O O O O x x O O O O S S v N.B. This intermediate stage is not equivalent to the other two

  5. t t (x1 , t1) in S (x1 , t1) in S t1 t1 x x1 x1 x

  6. (a) (b) t ACCESSIBLE FUTURE t t t t2 > t1 but t2< t1 x = -ct x = ct Light line   ELSEWHERE ELSEWHERE x t2 t1 t1 x  x t2 x KNOWABLE PAST

  7. (a) Garage rushing back-wards to meet car Garage stationary v S S Car stationary v v Proper length Lc = Lc0 Contracted length Lc Contracted length Lg Proper length Lg = Lg0 (b) g v2/c2 x1 x2 x2-Lg0/g x2

  8. S v B (a) (b) S frame in which A has no x-component of velocity frame in which B has no x-component of velocity u0 B m uBx = v uBy = ? uB uBy = u0 B 2m u0 m A A uAy = u0 A uA uAy = ? uAx = -v

  9. A B A B B A B A S v BEFORE BEFORE S uA uB uA uB = 0 uB uB AFTER AFTER q q f f uA uA

  10. p0 p p p p BEFORE AFTER Q1 P1 P2 = 0 Q2 Q3

  11. (a) (b) l l0 u w w (w- u)t wavecrests pass the runner in time t. f0 wavecrests stretched over distance (w + u)t in time t u

  12. Pulse emitted at time t A ur P u P ut OP - OP  urDt Pulse emitted at time t+Dt O

  13. S S Region of magnetic field v +q v v = 0 v Circular arc ? f = qv×B f  = q0×B = 0 E B B

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