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r orbit

u x . u y  = u y. u . (a). Side View. Top View. Star. . B. r orbit. Star. h. . . Earth. C. A. d. Sun. A. D. C. f A. f C. . f B = f D. Earth. d. r orbit. N.B. The ratio of r orbit to d is greatly exaggerated. (b). S  (Earth rest frame).

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r orbit

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  1. ux uy = uy u (a) Side View Top View Star  B rorbit Star h   Earth C A d Sun A D C fA fC  fB=fD Earth d rorbit N.B. The ratio of rorbit to d is greatly exaggerated. (b) S (Earth rest frame) S (Aether rest frame) v ux f f uy u Aether “wind” rushing backwards past Earth at speed v, “carrying” light with it. Earth stationary Earth moving at speed v through aether

  2. M2 M2 v (c2-v2)1/2 c (a) (b) Mirror M1 S (Earth rest frame) S (Aether rest frame) v c -v c M1 M1 Second glass block without silvering c + v c l2 Mirror M1 Semi-silvered surface of glass block Earth moving at speed v through aether Aether “wind” rushing backwards past Earth at speed v, “carrying” light with it. l1 Combine beams at angle  fringes Rotate apparatus  fringes shift if there is motion of the aether

  3. S S v Light pulse, speed c Light pulse, still speed c v v x x O O O O

  4. v S x O O x O O S v v Reverse the sign of v Swap the primes +v t +v t -v t v v S S x x O O O O x x O O O O S S v N.B. This intermediate stage is not equivalent to the other two

  5. t t (x1 , t1) in S (x1 , t1) in S t1 t1 x x1 x1 x

  6. (a) (b) t ACCESSIBLE FUTURE t t t t2 > t1 but t2< t1 x = -ct x = ct Light line   ELSEWHERE ELSEWHERE x t2 t1 t1 x  x t2 x KNOWABLE PAST

  7. (a) Garage rushing back-wards to meet car Garage stationary v S S Car stationary v v Proper length Lc = Lc0 Contracted length Lc Contracted length Lg Proper length Lg = Lg0 (b) g v2/c2 x1 x2 x2-Lg0/g x2

  8. S v B (a) (b) S frame in which A has no x-component of velocity frame in which B has no x-component of velocity u0 B m uBx = v uBy = ? uB uBy = u0 B 2m u0 m A A uAy = u0 A uA uAy = ? uAx = -v

  9. A B A B B A B A S v BEFORE BEFORE S uA uB uA uB = 0 uB uB AFTER AFTER q q f f uA uA

  10. p0 p p p p BEFORE AFTER Q1 P1 P2 = 0 Q2 Q3

  11. (a) (b) l l0 u w w (w- u)t wavecrests pass the runner in time t. f0 wavecrests stretched over distance (w + u)t in time t u

  12. Pulse emitted at time t A ur P u P ut OP - OP  urDt Pulse emitted at time t+Dt O

  13. S S Region of magnetic field v +q v v = 0 v Circular arc ? f = qv×B f  = q0×B = 0 E B B

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