metabolism

2. metabolism all of the processes occurring in a person’s body

3. metabolic rate the rate at which a person’s body uses energy

4. basal metabolic rate the rate at which a person’s body uses energy while inactive

5. Aerobic Cellular Respiration carbon dioxide oxygen energy sugar glucose

6. Digestive System • breaks down food

7. Respiratory System • supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

8. Circulatory System • transports food and oxygento body cells • transports carbon dioxide away from body cells

9. Functions of the Respiratory System • breathing • exchanging gas between the atmosphere and the blood

10. Functions of the Respiratory System • preventing foreign substances from entering during breathing

11. mucus a thick sticky substance secreted by mucous membranes cilia move the mucus towardthe throat

12. Functions of the Respiratory System • preventing foreign substances from entering during breathing • speaking

13. nostrils mouth

14. Nose • cleanses the air • mucus and cilia • warms and moistens the air

15. pharynx larynx esophagus

16. epiglottis a thin flap of tissue that folds over and blocks the opening to the larynx during swallowing

17. vocal cords folds of mucous membrane within the larynx

18. glottis the space between the vocal folds

19. epiglottis over the glottis

20. larynx = voice box

21. pharynx larynx esophagus trachea bronchi

22. bronchitis inflammation of the bronchial tubes

23. pneumonia infection of the lungs

24. pharynx larynx esophagus trachea bronchi bronchioles

25. asthma a condition in which the bronchioles become constricted

26. mouth nostrils nostrils mouth larynx bronchi alveoli

27. pharynx mouth pharynx larynx nostrils larynx bronchi alveoli

28. trachea pharynx mouth trachea nostrils bronchi larynx bronchi trachea alveoli bronchioles

29. pharynx trachea mouth nostrils alveoli larynx bronchioles bronchi trachea bronchioles alveoli bronchioles

30. Lungs • the main organs of the respiratory system • exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood

31. Alveoli • microscopic sacs in the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place

33. Alveoli • microscopic sacs in the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place • increase the surfacearea of the lungs • only one cell thick

34. diffusion the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

35. tuberculosis infection in the alveoli caused by bacteria

36. emphysema causes the walls of the alveoli to become less elastic and possibly rupture

37. inhale to draw air into the lungs exhale to force air out of the lungs

38. breathing the process of inhaling and exhaling

39. thorax the chest cavity

40. diaphragm the dome-shaped muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen

41. inhaling exhaling diaphragm

42. Hiccupping • occurs when the diaphragm contracts when theglottis is closed

43. collapsed lung failure of the alveoli of the lungs to inflate properly

44. extra air that can be exhaled1000 mL normal breathing 500 mL extra air that can be inhaled3000 mL extra air that cannot be exhaled1000 mL 3000 mL 500 mL 1000 mL 1000 mL total capacity of lungs 5500 mL

45. digestion the process of breaking down food into smaller substances

46. assimilation the process by which living cells convert nutrients into cellular structures

47. mechanical digestion the process of grinding food and mixing it with digestive juices

48. chemical digestion using chemicals to break down food into soluble substances the body can use

49. enzyme a protein that catalyzes cellular reactions

50. Functions of theDigestive System • mechanical and chemical digestion • absorption of food