Ch. 6 Review “The High Caliphate” (685 – 945)

1. Ch. 6 Review“The High Caliphate”(685 – 945)

2. The High Caliphate (685 – 945) • This period marks the rule by the Umayyad family based in Damascus and later by the Abbasids based in Baghdad. Both were part of the Quraysh tribe, all were Sunni • Marks the emergence of Ulamas Ulama “one who knows” – are experts on the Quran, laws, history, science, math

3. Conquests Continue • Under caliphate of al-Malik, conquests resume with Arabs taking more of North Africa. Convert the Berbers into Muslims. Also take Spain and Portugal • Attempts to take Anatolia fail, including a 3-year naval siege

4. Abbasid Caliphate • Abbasid clan descended from MH’s uncle, Abbas • Abbasids drove out the Ummayad’s, killing all but one! • Abd al Rahman I, the only survivor, starts a rival caliphate in Spain that lasts for three centuries • Abbasids move power center from Damascus to Baghdad • Abbasids are more interested in cultivating the arts of civilization as opposed to conquering more lands

5. 800 AD

6. Building of Baghdad • Baghdad was a tiny village in 749 • Is first called the “City of Peace” • Is located where the Tigris and Euphrates River converge • Series of canals link the rivers together • Becomes main point in trade route between Med. Sea and Persian Gulf • River irrigation increased agriculture

8. Manun’s Caliphate • Manun (r. 813 – 833) is first non-Arab caliph. He is the son of a Persian concubine • Established the Bayt-al-Hikma or “House of Wisdom” in Baghdad. It included schools, astronomical observatories an immense library and facilities for the translation of scientific and philosophical works from Greece, Aramaic and Persian into Arabic • Marks decline of Abbasid caliphate, and by 945, the caliphs are challenged by other political rulers

9. 900 AD

10. 1025 AD