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Understanding Changes in Matter: Physical and Chemical Transformations

Explore the concept of changes in matter, focusing on physical changes where substances maintain their identity post-change. This section delves into the fundamental principles of chemical building blocks, highlighting how substances react and transform. By understanding these processes, we gain insight into the nature of materials and their interactions in the world around us. Whether it's melting ice or dissolving sugar, the essence of the substance remains unchanged. Learn how these transformations are essential to both science and everyday experiences.

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Understanding Changes in Matter: Physical and Chemical Transformations

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  1. Changes in Matter

    Section 3, Chapter 1 Chemical Building Blocks
  2. A substance that undergoes a physical change is still the same substance after the change. A physical change is any change that alters the form or appearance of matter but does not make any substance in the matter into a different substance. Physical Change
  3. Matter occurs in three familiar states: solid, liquid and gas. Ex: At room temperature, the element iodine is a purple solid that easily becomes a gas. Crushing an aluminum can doesn’t change the aluminum into another metal. When table sugar dissolves in a glass of water, it is still sugar. Changes of State
  4. A change in matter that produces one or more new substances is a chemical change. Unlike a physical change, a chemical change produces a new substance with properties different from those of the original substance. Ex: burning of natural gas on a gas stove. Natural gas is mostly methane. When it burns, methane combines with oxygen in the air and forms new substances. These new substances include carbon dioxide and water vapor. Chemical Change
  5. Combustion – Rapid combination of a fuel with oxygen that produces heat, light and a new substance. Ex: Gas, oil, or coil. Electrolysis – Use of electricity to break a compound into elements or simpler compounds. Ex: Breaking down water into hydrogen and oxygen. Oxidation – Slow combination of a substance with oxygen. Ex: Rusting of an iron fence. Tarnishing – Slow combination of a bright metal with sulfur or another substance, producing a dark coating on the metal. Ex: Tarnishing brass. Examples of Chemical Change
  6. The fact that matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change is known as the law of conservation of mass. Suppose you collect all the carbon dioxide and water produced when methane burns and you measured the mass of all this matter. You would find that it equaled the mass of all of this matter. No mass is lost, because during a chemical changes, atoms are not lost or gained, only rearranged. Conservation of Mass
  7. Every chemical or physical change in matter includes a change in energy. Temperature is a measure of the average energy of random motion of particles of matter. Thermal energy is the total energy in all of the particles in an object. You mostly experience thermal energy when you describe matter – such as the air in a room as being hot or cold. Matter and Thermal Energy
  8. Temperature and thermal energy are not the same things, but temperature is related to the amount of thermal energy an object has. The melting of ice is endothermic change, a change in when energy is given off. An exothermic change releases energy. Combustion is a chemical changes that releases energy in the form of heat and light.
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