Exam Review

1. Exam Review

2. Chapter 4 • Page 121 • What do the Bill of Rights Protect? The Bill of Rights protects our civil liberties- the freedoms we have to think and to act without government interference or fear of unfair treatment.

3. Pg 121 • What amendments make up the Bill of Rights? • The First 10 Amendments in our Constitution make up the Bill of Rights

4. Page 121 • What are the five protected freedoms listed under the 1st Amendment? • Freedom of Religion, speech, press, assembly, petition

5. Pg 127 The 4th Amendment states that law enforcement officers must have what to search? Law enforcement must have a search warrant

6. Page 128 • What does an indictment do within the court system? • An indictment is a formal charge by a group of citizens called a grand jury, who review the evidence against the accused person. However, a person indicted is not necessarily guilty. It just means that the grand jury believes that the person may have committed a crime.

7. What does the 5th Amendment mean when it says it protects against “double jeopardy?” • This means that people who are accused of a crime and judged not guilty may not be put on trial again for the same crime. (page 128)

8. What rights are granted under the 6th Amendment? • The 6th amendment requires that • accused be told the exact nature of the charges against them. • Requires that the accused be allowed a trial by jury, although they may ask to be tried by only a judge. If the accused asks for a jury trial, • the trial must be speedy and public • jurors must be impartial • Right to a lawyer • Right to question and hear all witnesses against them • Right to call witnesses in their defense

9. What does the 2nd Amendment guarantee? The right to bear arms. The courts have ruled that the government can pass laws to control but not prevent the possession of weapons. Page 130

10. What does the 10th Amendment protect? The powers that the Constitution does not specifically give the national government are reserved for the states and for the people. This prevents the president and Congress from becoming too strong. Page 131

11. Because of Separation of Powers, the Framers established how many branches of government? Name the branches • Executive, Judicial, Legislative

12. When was the 19th Amendment created and what did it do? Page 136 • The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote. It was created in 1920

13. Why was the 26th Amendment passed? Page 137 • Throughout our country’s history many people still in their teens bravely fought for our country. By law, however, they were not old enough to vote for the leaders who sent them into battle. Most states had set the voting age to 21. In 1971 when many young Americans were fighting in the Vietnam War the 26th amendment was passed and now all citizens could vote at 18

14. Chapter 5

15. Page 151 • What are some responsibilities that every citizen has within this country? • Obey laws, pay taxes, defend the nation, serve in court and Attend School

16. How does the U.S. government earn income (make money)? • Through taxes

17. Chapter 6

18. Page 177 • Congress is part of which branch of government? • The Legislative Branch

19. What does the elastic clause do? Page 185 • The elastic clause allows Congress to stretch its powers to meet new needs. • Ex: You will not find the power to create an air force written in the Constitution. However, the elastic clause has allowed congress to do so as part of its expressed power to support armies.

20. True or False: Does Congress have the power to tax? • True

21. Which branch of American government can declare war? • The legislative branch

22. Where does the Constitution give Congress implied powers? 185 • Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 of the Constitution

23. Who has the authority to impeach Federal Judges? Page 187 • Congress

24. What is an interest group? Page 199 • Organizations made up of people with common interests.

25. Chapter 7

26. The president is the leader for which branch of government? Page 209 • Executive Branch

27. Who is responsible for appointing Federal judges? Pg 215 • The president

28. What does the term “direct intervention” mean when it comes to U.S. foreign policy? Page 220 • Directly intervening with another nation. Ex: Giving foreign aid or declaring war on another nation

29. What is NATO? Page 222 • North Atlantic Treaty Organization: A mutual defense treaty between the United States, Canada, and the nations of Europe

30. Why did the countries of NATO join the organization? • For helping to protect the nation’s national security which is the #1 goal of American foreign policy

31. What is foreign policy? How does the executive branch affect foreign policy? How does the legislative branch affect foreign policy? How does the judicial branch affect foreign policy? • Foreign policy is a nation’s plan for dealing with other nations/countries. • The president makes key decision about the relations the USA has with other countries, president can make executive agreements, commander in Chief, chief diplomat, appoints ambassadors, makes treaties directs foreign aid, international trade and military forces, trade sanctions, embargos • The legislative branch has the power to declare war, to prohibit certain military actions, to spend or withhold money for defense, approve treaties by 2/3 vote, Senate confirms Ambassadors, tarriffs • Judicial branch will hear cases involving Ambassadors who commit crimes against US law abroad

32. List examples of governmental organizations (like NATO) and non governmental organizations (like Amnesty International) • Page 223 • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFA) • World Trade Organization (WTO) • UNICEF • Compassion International

33. What are the Executive Offices of the President? What is the president’s cabinet? Pg 225-226 • The EOP are often referred to as the president’s administration. It helps the president do his/her job. • The cabinet is a group of presidential advisers that includes the heads of the 14 top-level executive departments.

34. Chapter 8

35. The Supreme Court is part of which branch of government? Page 237 • The Judicial

36. The Constitution gives what law making body the power to establish federal courts? • Congress

37. Chapter 9

38. What are the 2 main political parties in the USA? What role to political parties have in presidential elections? • Republicans and Democrats • A political party is an organization of individuals with broad, common interests who organize to win elections, to operate the government and influence government policy. • Their main goal during an election is to get the person from their party elected President. • They help campaign on their nominee’s behalf • Raise money • Inform voters about their ideas and views on public issues • Get party supporters registered to vote • Place ads on the TV, radio and newspapers

39. Chapter 11

40. What role does the media have in forming public opinion? • Media has a big role in forming public opinion. The public turns to the media to get information about politics among other things. What the media says about issues will greatly influence how we the public feel about the issues and what we think should be done.

41. What are the specific types of interest groups? Economic interest groups, ethic group interest groups, age group interest group, religious interest group, gender interest group, special causes (NRA), public interest groups

42. Chapter 12

43. Establishing schools is what type of power? • Reserved Power