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Understanding Deadly Bloodborne Diseases: HBV, HCV, and HIV Transmission & Prevention

Bloodborne diseases like Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pose significant health threats. HBV can remain asymptomatic in half of cases and has a vaccine for prevention, while HCV often leads to chronic infection without a vaccine. HIV attacks the immune system, potentially leading to AIDS, with no vaccine available. These viruses are primarily transmitted through blood contact and other infectious materials. Adopting standard precautions and safe work practices can minimize transmission risks.

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Understanding Deadly Bloodborne Diseases: HBV, HCV, and HIV Transmission & Prevention

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  1. Deadly Bloodborne Diseases • Hepatitis B (HBV) • Hepatitis C (HCV) • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

  2. HBV • Half of those infected have no symptoms • Most recover completely • 10% become chronically infected • Easily transmitted disease • No cure, prevented with a vaccine.

  3. HCV • Most of those infected have no symptoms • 85% have chronic infections • No preventative vaccine • Antiviral drugs may be effective in some cases.

  4. HIV • Attacks immune system • Infected remain apparently healthy for many years • Some infected people develop AIDS • No preventative vaccine.

  5. Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens • Spread most easily through contact with blood • Other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) • Commonly transmitted through sharing needles, unprotected sex and mother to unborn child before or during birth.

  6. Standard Precautions • Treat all blood and OPIM as though infected with bloodborne pathogens • Universal Precautions • Body Substance Isolation practices.

  7. Gloves • Replace and dispose of single-use gloves • Remove gloves properly • Never touch outside of glove with bare skin • Wash hands with soap and warm running water.

  8. Safe Work Practices • Follow Exposure Control Plan • Clean all blood and body fluids immediately • Disposal.

  9. Housekeeping • Clean and decontaminate • Never use your hands to pick up broken glass • Handle contaminated laundry as little as possible • Regularly inspect and decontaminate containers.

  10. If You’re Exposed • Wash skin area with soap and warm water • Flush exposed mucous membranes with clean water • Report incident to designated person.

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