1 / 51

Ecology

Ecology. Big Ideas. Energy. Energy flows through every ecological system Inputs = what goes into the ecosystem Outputs = what goes out of the system. Food Webs. Increased biodiversity means a healthier ecosystem. Energy Transfer between Trophic Levels. 10% Energy Transfer

julius
Télécharger la présentation

Ecology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Ecology Big Ideas

  2. Energy • Energy flows through every ecological system • Inputs = what goes into the ecosystem • Outputs = what goes out of the system

  3. Food Webs • Increased biodiversity means a healthier ecosystem

  4. Energy Transfer between Trophic Levels • 10% Energy Transfer • Producers make up largest biomass

  5. Bioaccumulations • Toxins cannot be removed and increase in amount between trophic levels

  6. Carbon Cycle • Cycles carbon through the ecosystem • Contains photosynthesis and cellular respiration • Opposite chemical reactions

  7. Nitrogen Cycle • Cycles nitrogen through the system • Bacteria takes nitrogen from the atmosphere and transfers it to plants

  8. Population Growth • Populations will grow exponentially if there are no limitingfactors

  9. Population Growth • Populations will reach carryingcapacity because of limiting factors which include: • Abiotic (non-living) • Space & Water • Biotic (living) • Food & Predators

  10. Population Density • Population Densityis the number of living things in an area • Example: • 500 moose in 10 sq. miles = 50 moose per mile

  11. General Ecology • Non-native species usually DIE in a new environment, some survive and take over if they have no predators

  12. Sustainability • Maintaining resources for future use • Choices we can make now that support sustainability • Substituting renewable (?) for non-renewable (?) resources • Recycling • Using fewer resources

  13. DNA and Genetics Big Ideas

  14. DNA & Genetics DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; is a code for your physical (phenotype) traits - PHYSICAL TRAIT

  15. Proteins: can be used to make bodystructures, hormones and enzymes • Enzymes act to speedup (catalyze) chemical reactions in the body • Ex. Digestion of food, making DNA, and regulating glucose

  16. GeneticsVocabulary • Phenotype: What your physically look like • Ex. Blue Eyes OR Brown Eyes • Genotype: What your genesare • Ex. Bb, bb, or BB

  17. Vocabulary • Dominant:Trait/gene that is shown • Ex. BB = Brown EyesBb = Brown Eyes • Recessive: Trait/gene that is hidden by a dominant gene • Ex. bb = Blue Eyes Bb = Brown Eyes

  18. Vocabulary • Heterozygous: different genes • Ex. Bb for Brown Eyes • Homozygous: same genes • Ex. bb for Blue Eyes

  19. PunnettSquare: used to predict offspring • Ex. Two heterozygous bunnies are crossed; black fur is the dominant trait • Phenotype ratio • Ex. 25% white bunnies, 75% black bunnies • Genotype ratio • Ex. 25% bb, 50% Bb, 25% BB F f F FF Ff f Ff ff

  20. PunnettSquare Practice: Small Whiteboards

  21. A detached earlobe man (EE) has children with an attached earlobe woman (ee). What are the possible genotypes (gene combination)? What are the possible phenotypes (physical trait)? Earlobes (E)

  22. A blue eyed male mates with a blue eyed female, what color eyes could the offspring have? • Blue eyes are recessive

  23. A heterozygous tongue roller (Tt) mates with a non-tongue roller (tt), what percentage of their children will be tongue rollers?

  24. What is the probability (percentage) that two homozygous recessive people will have a child that can wiggle their ears? Can move ears = Dominant (although this may be variable) Can’t move ears = Recessive Ear Wiggling (W)

  25. A homozygous recessive female with freckles (f) mates with a homozygous dominant male without freckles (F), what genotypes could their offspring have?

  26. What is the percent chance two heterozygous tongue roller will have a non-tongue roller offspring?

  27. Mitosis and Meiosis and Evolution Big Ideas

  28. Mitosis • Mitosis: produces two IDENTICAL cells from one cell for growth and repair

  29. Meiosis • Meiosis: produces four UNIQUE sex cells for reproduction • Females: Eggs • Males: Sperm • Allows for differences (variation) in populations

  30. Mitosis and Meiosis

  31. Evolution • Evolution: change over time All living things are related to a COMMON ANCESTOR!!!

  32. Evidence of Evolution • Evidence: • Presence of Fossils found in rock layers • Homologous and Vestigial Structures • Homologous: Similar Structures • Vestigial: Unused structures; whale pelvis, human wisdom teeth

  33. Fossil Record Homologous Structures

  34. Evidence of Evolution • DNA Comparisons • Humans and mice are 99% similar in DNA, so they are closely related • Embryos • Closely related organisms have similar embryos

  35. DNA Comparisons Embryos

  36. Natural Selection • Natural Selection: “survival of the fittest, failure of the worst” • The “goal” of life is to survive and reproduce • Based on ability to survive in environment

  37. Mutations in DNA: can (not always) lead to unique traits, which may help or hinder survival!!

  38. Mutations

  39. Balancing Biological Systems Homeostasis

  40. Homeostasis: regulation of systems to maintain balance • Two things can affect homeostasis • Negative Feedback • Positive Feedback

  41. Negative Feedback • Negative Feedback: increase causes decrease, decrease causes increase • Ex. AutomaticThermostat: if temperature decreases in room, then the temperature increases • Negative ≠ bad

  42. Positive Feedback • Positive Feedback: increase causes increase; decrease causes decrease • Ex. No shower for 2 weeks: smell from bacteria growth increases on a daily basis • Positive ≠ good

  43. Negative or Positive Feedback?? N P Deforestation Immune System Fighting Infection Regulating Body Temperature (too hot OR cold) Body is Hungry N P

  44. Choose two examples to complete a Negative Feedback Loop AND a Positive Feedback Loop • Identify what HOMEOSTASIS would be • Explain the STIMULUS that tells us homeostasis is not in balance • Identify the CONTROLCENTER in the body (if there is one) that recognizes the stimulus • Explain what RESPONSE occurs

  45. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Big Ideas

  46. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration • Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite chemical reactions

  47. Photosynthesis: plants take carbondioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) and make glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) • Plants make their own food!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  48. Cellular Respiration: plants AND animals make energy (ATP) by transforming glucose (C6H12O6)and oxygen (O2) into carbondioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) • CHEMICAL Energy in glucose is transformed into the energy to live (ATP) • Very similar to setting something on fire (combustion), which releases carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere

More Related