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Life's Sustaining Forces: Sun, Nutrients, & Gravity

Explore how energy from the sun, nutrient cycling, and gravity play key roles in sustaining life on Earth. Learn about the four major components supporting life - atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere. Discover the Earth's structure, biomes, and the factors that uphold life on our planet. Gain insights into solar energy, nutrient cycling, and the greenhouse effect, and understand the delicate balance that keeps life thriving on Earth.

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Life's Sustaining Forces: Sun, Nutrients, & Gravity

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  1. 3-2 What Keeps Us and Other Organisms Alive? • Concept 3-2 Life is sustained by the flow of energy from the sun through the biosphere, the cycling of nutrients within the biosphere, and gravity.

  2. Earth Has Four Major Life-Support Components • Atmosphere • Hydrosphere • Geosphere • Biosphere

  3. General Structure of the Earth

  4. Vegetation and animals Atmosphere Biosphere Soil Rock Crust Lithosphere Mantle Biosphere (living organisms) Core Atmosphere (air) Mantle Crust (soil and rock) Geosphere (crust, mantle, core) Hydrosphere (water) Fig. 3-5, p. 42

  5. Classification of the Biosphere • Biomes – terrestrial regions with similar vegetation • Aquatic life zones • Freshwater life zones • Marine life zones

  6. Biomes of the United States

  7. Coastal mountain ranges Sierra Nevada Rocky Mountains Great American Desert Mississippi River Valley Great Plains Appalachian Mountains Coastal chaparral and scrub Coniferous forest Desert Coniferous forest Prairie grassland Deciduous forest Fig. 3-6, p. 43

  8. Three Factors Sustain Life on Earth • One-way flow of high-quality energy from the sun • Cycling of matter or nutrients through parts of the biosphere • Gravity

  9. Solar Energy Reaching the Earth • Electromagnetic waves • Visible light • UV radiation • Heat • Natural greenhouse effect • Energy in = energy out • Human-enhanced global warming

  10. Solar Capital

  11. Solar radiation Energy in = Energy out Reflected by atmosphere Radiated by atmosphere as heat UV radiation Lower Stratosphere (ozone layer) Most absorbed by ozone Visible light Troposphere Heat radiated by the earth Heat Greenhouse effect Absorbed by the earth Fig. 3-7, p. 44

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