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England and Its Colonies

England and Its Colonies. Chapter 3, Section 1. Mercantilism. England expects something in return for its generosity to the colonies Mercantilism : goal is to become most wealthy country in the world by gaining the most gold/silver

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England and Its Colonies

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  1. England and Its Colonies Chapter 3, Section 1

  2. Mercantilism • England expects something in return for its generosity to the colonies • Mercantilism: goal is to become most wealthy country in the world by gaining the most gold/silver • Why are the colonies an important part of mercantilism for England?

  3. Navigation Acts • Navigation Acts: 1. Must trade only with England 2. Must use only English ships

  4. Navigation Acts • King Charles cracks down: • Created “Dominion of New England” • DoNE • New leaders enforced Nav. Acts, questioned Puritan beliefs, outlawed local assemblies, and created new taxes

  5. New leader, same tricks • King Charles II died in 1685 • King James II (brother) took the throne • Catholic • Enforced Nav. Acts

  6. New leader, same tricks • Glorious Revolution: • King James fled England • Parliament asked William and Mary of Orange to take over the throne

  7. Glorious Revolution • The Glorious Revolution showed that Parliament has more power than the King • In the colonies, Wm. and Parliament: • dissolve DoNE and reinstate colonial assemblies • Require more religious freedom • Begin Salutary neglect: policy giving the colonies more overall freedom

  8. Glorious Revolution • The only thing they didn’t do? • Eliminate Nav. Acts • They strengthened them! • Moved smuggling trials to courts with English judges • Created the Board of Trade to monitor colonial trade

  9. A Small Advantage • Colonial assemblies pay the governors’ salary

  10. The Agricultural South Chapter 3, Section 2

  11. Southern Life • Profitable crop that saved Jamestown: Tobacco • Cash crop: a crop grown in large quantities primarily to sell

  12. Southern Life • Tobacco is a labor-intensive crop • Originally enslaved natives, but this proved too difficult 1. Knew the land and could escape 2. Dying from smallpox

  13. Southern Life • Began enslaving Africans • From 1690 to 1750:

  14. Southern Life Plantation Owners Free white men Indentured servants and women Slaves and natives

  15. The Slave Trade • Triangular trade • Middle Passage

  16. Slave Resistance • Ways that slaves resisted their owners: • Faked sick • Broke tools • Worked slowly

  17. Slave Resistance • Stono Rebellion: a group of S.C. slaves gathered weapons and rose up against owners; many Africans were killed whether they were involved or not • Began a crackdown on slaves

  18. Ending the Slave Trade, “Amazing Grace”

  19. Resources • Slavery • The Slave Trade, “Amazing Grace” • Slavery in Pictures

  20. The Commercial North Chapter 3, Section 3

  21. Commercial North Diverse • English • German • Scots and Irish • Scandinavians • French fur traders

  22. Salem Witch Trials http://www.neiu.edu/~cejanzen/salem.swf

  23. Commercial North • Diversity allows for two great movements to take root in the North • The Enlightenment • The Great Awakening

  24. The Enlightenment • Ideas of the Enlightenment in America

  25. North South • one cash crops • agriculture industry • Powerful farm owners • few cities • more uniform population • several cash crops • industry • Powerful merchants • many cities • diverse religions, ethnic groups, etc. Both • Slaves • Conflict with natives • becoming wealthy • upset with England

  26. Tensions Between the Colonies and Britain Ch. 3, Section 4

  27. French and Indian War • France was Britain’s greatest rival in North America

  28. French and Indian War • French had alliances with major native tribes of the midwest (Huron, Ottawa, Ojibwe) • Built Fort Duquesne in present day Pittsburgh, but there was a problem • British granted that land to planters

  29. French and Indian War • British sent George Washington and VA militia to drive the French out • Built Fort Necessity • Forced to surrender during French counter-attack • Beginning of French and Indian War

  30. French and Indian War • Gen. Edward Braddock defeated by French guerrilla warfare at first • William Pitt borrowed a heap of money and began winning • Iroquois (one of biggest native alliances) joined British

  31. French and Indian War • French driven to Quebec City • British won by scaling cliffs around Quebec and taking the French by surprise

  32. French and Indian War • Treaty of Paris (1763): ended the war with France • Great Britain received Canada and most of North America, including Florida from France’s ally Spain

  33. French and Indian War • To fight native resistance: • Brits gave two small pox blankets to natives during peace negotiations • To avoid major battles, Proclamation of 1763

  34. Problems Resulting from War • Brits left 10,000 troops for colonists’ safety • Britain raises taxes to pay for its war debts • Writs of assistance: could search any building or ship for suspected smuggled goods • Sugar Act • Smugglers tried with one judge, no jury • Claimed rights being violated b/c no representation in Parliament

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