Humane education & animal welfare education 人道教育與動物福利教育

Module 31 模組31 Humane education & animal welfare education 人道教育與動物福利教育

This module will enable you to本模組將使您能夠 • Explain the principles of humane education (HE)解釋人道教育(HE)的宗旨 • Describe the role of HE in influencing people’s behaviour towards animals闡明人道教育如何影響人們對動物的行為 • Develop an understanding of how to use curriculum and informal education resources發展並了解如何利用課程及非正規教育的資源

What is humane education? 何謂人道教育 • A process through which learners develop compassion, a sense of justice, and respect for the value of all life幫助學習憐憫正義尊重所有生命價值的過程 • Provides the knowledge and understanding necessary for learners to behave according to these principles提供必要的知識原則讓學子能身體力行 • Fosters a sense of responsibility to affirm and to act upon their personal beliefs建立學子的責任感以確認並力行成為個人的信念

Aims of humane education人道教育的目標 • To create a culture of empathy and caring 創造同理心與關懷的文化 • Stimulating the moral development of children 刺激孩童的道德發展 • Form a compassionate, responsible and just society建立一個同情、負責與公正的社會 • To introduce children to the reactions and emotions of animals介紹孩童對動物的反應與情感 • Linking this to an understanding of environmental issues and ecosystems將此與環境、生態議題作連結

Humane Education Principles人道教育的原則 • Offer accurate information 提供正確資訊 • Encourage the three Cs: Curiosity, Creativity and Critical thinking 鼓勵3C，即:好奇、創意以及關鍵思考 • Instill the 3Rs: Reverence, Respect and Responsibility 注入3R，即:崇敬、尊重以及負責 • Offer positive choices 提供正向選擇

Humane Education Methods • Formal education – long-term approach to changingattitudes for the next generation 正規教育---長時間的教育以改變下一代的態度 • Formal training – stockpersons, vets, slaughter personnel, etc.正規訓練---牧場人員,獸醫師,屠宰人員等 • Informal education – education through youth clubs, farmers, pet owners, etc.非正規教育透過社團等 • Public awareness campaigns – can achieve changes in attitude relatively quickly社會運動,效果快

Ways of introducing humane education人道教育的介紹方法 • Partnership with government through national curriculum透過全國性課程(課程綱要) 與政府建立夥伴關係 • Resources for teachers/students which are curriculum-based and relevant to animal welfare & husbandry編寫與動物福利畜牧等相關教案 • Resources/training for specific professions & universities編寫大學與專業教育教案 • Informal education, materials for the public, campaigns & supporter information非正規教育，社會性,運動性,以及一般性教案

1. Partnership with government – WSPA Costa Rica Project 1. 政府夥伴--世界動物保護組織支持波多黎各計畫

1. Partnership with government - Humane Education Trust, South Africa 1. 政府夥伴--人道教育信託--南非

2. Resources linked to the school curriculum 2.與學校教材連接之資源

2. Resources for teachers relevant to animal welfare 2.與學校教材連接之資源

2. Resources for children 2. 兒童教育資源

2. Teacher Training 2. 教師的訓練

3. Training vets and other professionals 3. 獸醫師與其他職業之訓練

4. Informal education – guest lectures in African schools 4.非正規課程--WSPA非洲親善俱樂部

4. Informal education - Materials for the public 4. 非正規課程--社會推廣教育小冊

4. Informal education - Awareness campaigns4. 非正規課程--公聽會活動

Why is humane education important?人道教育為何重要? • It teaches respect for other people, animals and the environment教導尊重人,動物,與環境 • It creates a personal sense of responsibility and creates a caring attitude towards society建立個人負責特質,以及對社會關懷的態度 • It is an investment – societies pay millions to repair the damage caused by indifference, ignorance and neglect社會的投資---社會支付數百萬英磅修補有關疏離、遺棄、愚昧的社會傷害

The violence link暴力的連結 • Child abuse and animal abuse: linked in the cycle of violence?兒童家暴與動物虐待：暴力循環連結？ • Research indicates a connection between people’s early socialisation and experiences with their subsequent behaviour研究顯示人類早期社會化與社會經驗會與以後的行為有相關性 • How does this relate to possible future abuse or criminal behaviour?如何與未來凌虐或犯罪發生關聯? • What can be done to stop the cycle of abuse?如何停止虐待循環?

The Kellert and Felthous study on aggression and animal cruelty 美國之早期研究 • Studied 152 aggressive and non-aggressive criminals in prisons – the majority came from violent homes152侵犯性與非侵犯性案例---主要來自暴力家庭 • Majority had shown severe repetitive violence/cruelty towards animals, in childhood • The participants reported 373 such acts幼年重複虐待動物--共有373項記錄

Other violence-related evidence其它暴力相關研究 • Abuse of a child could lead occasionally to that child abusing an animal, and in some cases lead to behaviour disorder (e.g. aggression against people in adulthood or rape, abuse, murder)對小孩暴力會使孩子對動物暴力,導致成年後對人之攻擊行為,如強暴,虐待,謀殺 • Aggression amongst adult criminals strongly correlates with a history of family abuse and childhood cruelty towards animals成年刑事犯之間的攻擊行為,強烈地與家暴以及幼年虐待動物之記錄呈現正相關

The role of the veterinarian in humane education (1)獸醫師的角色(1) • Vets are in a unique position in relation to social development:獸醫師是唯一與社會發展有關的角色 • You can provide specialist information to improve treatment of animals at your clinic or in the field獸醫可以在診所或野外提供專業資訊提升對動物之待遇 • You can encourage caring, positive attitudes to animals獸醫可以鼓勵對動物正面的照顧態度 • Humane education is not just for teachers – vets are also well placed to influence society • 人道教育不僅限於老師--獸醫師對社會也很有影響力

The role of the veterinarian (2)獸醫師的角色(2) Influencing the public at the clinic在診所裡影響群眾

The role of the veterinarian (3)獸醫師的角色(3) Providing guidance and encouragement in the field 在田野給予指導與鼓勵

The role of the veterinarian (4)獸醫師的角色(4) Emphasise the link between good health/welfare and improved production 強調優質健康/福利與增進生產之相關性

Summary總結 • Humane education aims to encourage a compassionate society by encouraging a sense of personal responsibility on the part of learners人道教育的目標是藉著透過教育建立學習者個人之責任感，建立關愛的社會 • Humane education can be introduced in various ways including formal/informal education and public awareness programmes人道教育的方式很多,有正規與非正規法 • Resources and teaching/training programmes are vital for effective humane education教育資源要靈活 • There are links between animal and human abuse –humane education can break the cycle of abuse人道教育可以切斷虐待動物與虐待人的連結 • Vets have an important and unique role in educating the public, farmers, and companion animal owners獸醫是唯一的重要角色

Violence link - Further Reading暴力的連結—延伸閱讀 • Anon (2005) Information for Prosecutors, Police Officers, Magistrates and Judges. PETA Research and Education Foundation. London, UK. • Arluke A and Luke C (1997). Physical Cruelty toward Animals in Massachusetts, 1975-1996. Society & Animals 5(3) • Arluke A, Levin J, Luke C, Ascione FR 1999. The relationship of animal abuse to violence and other forms of antisocial behaviour. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 14: 963. • Arkow, P (1992) The correlations between cruelty to animals and child abuse and the implications for veterinary medicine. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 33, 518-521. • Arkow, P (1997) The relationships between animal abuse and other forms of family violence. Protecting Children, 13(2), 4-9. • Ascione, F R (1997) The nature and status of research on the link between animal cruelty and child abuse. Protecting Children, 13(2), 12-14. • Ascione, F R (1998) Battered women’s reports of their partners’ and their children’s cruelty to animals. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 1(1), 119-133. • Ascione, F R (2001) Animal abuse and youth violence. OJJDP Juvenile Justice Bulletin, September 2001. www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/jjbul2001_9_2/contents.html. • Ascione, F R (2005) Children and Animals: exploring the roots of kindness and cruelty. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. • Ascione, F R, & Arkow, P (Eds) (1999) Child abuse, domestic violence, and animal abuse: Linking the circles of compassion for prevention and intervention. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press.

Violence link - Further Reading暴力的連結—延伸閱讀 • Boat, B W (1995) The relationship between violence to children and violence to animals: An ignored link? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 10(2), 228-235. • Boat, B W (1999) Abuse of children and abuse of animals: Using the links to inform child assessment and protection. In F R Ascione & P Arkow (Eds), Child abuse, domestic violence, and animal abuse: Linking the circles of compassion for prevention and intervention (pp. 83-100). West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. • Felthous A R and Kellert SR (1986). Violence Against Animal and People: Is Aggression Against Living Creatures Generalized? Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 14(1): 55-69. • Kellert S R and Felthous A R (1985). Childhood cruelty toward animals among criminals and non-criminals. Human Relations 38: 1113-1129. • Hensley C and Tallichet S E (2005) Learning to be cruel: exploring the onset and frequency of animal cruelty. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 49:37-47. • Lockwood, R & Ascione, F R (Eds) (1998) Cruelty to animals and interpersonal violence: Readings in research and application. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press.

Violence links websites暴力的連結--網站 • www.americanhumane.org/site/PageServer?pagename=nr_fact_sheets_link • www.americanhumane.org/site/PageServer?pagename=lk_resource_center_bib_link • www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/OnlineResources/InformationBriefings/Links_asp_ifega26024.html • www.animaltherapy.net/Bibliography-Link.html • www.animaltherapy.net/Vets-abuse.html • www.hsus.org/hsus_field/first_strike_the_connection_between_animal_cruelty_and_human_violence/ • www.helpinganimals.com/ga_abuseFamily.asp

Examples of Animal Welfare Education websites動物福利教育的範例網站 • www.animal-education.org • http://www.rspca.org.uk/servlet/Satellite?pagename=RSPCA/Page/TeachersPortalHome&cid=1086091844592&page=TeachersPortalHomepage • http://www.ciwf.org.uk/education/index.html • http://www.spca.bc.ca/Educators/default.asp • http://www.animal-voice.org/ • http://www.voiceless.org.au/Get_Informed/Education/Education.html • http://www.humaneeducation.org/ • http://www.nahee.org/default.asp

Humane education & animal welfare education 人道教育與動物福利教育