11/20/09 Seminar -- Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science “Digital Libraries” by Edward A. Fox

1. 11/20/09 Seminar -- Virginia TechDepartment of Computer Science“Digital Libraries”by Edward A. Fox • fox@vt.edu http://fox.cs.vt.edu • Director, Digital Library Research • Laboratory, http://www.dlib.vt.edu

2. Acknowledgements • Mentors (Licklider, Kessler, Salton) • Virginia Tech, CS, Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL: 2030 Torg.) • NSF and other sponsors • Students, colleagues, co-investigators

3. Faculty Collaborators (selected)

4. Student Collaborators (selected)

6. Asynchronous, Digital Library Mediated Scholarly Communication Different time and/or place

7. Libraries of the FutureJCR Licklider, 1965, MIT Press World Nation State City Community

8. Institutional Repositories • “Institutional repositories are digital collections that capture and preserve the intellectual output of a single university or a multiple institution community of colleges and universities.” • Crow, R. “Institutional repository checklist and resource guide”, SPARC, Washington, D.C., USA • www.arl.org/sparc/IR/IR_Guide_v1.pdf

9. Locating Digital Libraries in Computing and Communications Technology Space Digital Libraries technology trajectory: intellectual access to globally distributed information Communications (bandwidth, connectivity) Computing (flops) Digital content Note: we should consider 4 dimensions: computing, communications, content, and community (people) less more

11. Information Life Cycle Creation Active Authoring Modifying Social Context Using Creating Organizing Indexing Retention / Mining Accessing Filtering Storing Retrieving Semi- Active Utilization Distributing Networking Inactive Searching

12. Quality and the Information Life Cycle

13. Digital LibrariesShorten the Chain from Author Editor Reviewer Publisher A&I Consolidator Library Reader

14. DLs Shorten the Chain to Roles Digital Library Author Teacher User Reader Editor Learner Reviewer Librarian

15. Example : planetmath.org

16. Digital Libraries --- Objectives • World Lit.: 24hr / 7day / from desktop • Integrated “super” information systems: 5S: Table of related areas and their coverage • Ubiquitous, Higher Quality, Lower Cost • Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery • Disintermediation -> Collaboration • Universities Reclaim Property • Interactive Courseware, Student Works • Scalable, Sustainable, Usable, Useful

17. Degree of Structure Web DLs DBs Chaotic Organized Structured

18. Digital Object (DO) Types • Born digital • Digitized version of “real” object • Is the DO version the same, better, or worse? • Decision for ETDs: structured + rendered • Surrogate for “real” object • Not covered explicitly in metamodel for a minimal DL • Crucial in metamodel for archaeology DL

19. Metadata Objects (MDOs) • MARC (library catalog records) • Dublin Core (web cataloging) • LOMS (learning objects) • RDF (Semantic Web) • ORE (packages) • Crosswalks, Mappings • Ontologies • Topic maps, Concept maps

20. Open Archives Initiative (OAI) = Technical Umbrella forPractical Interoperability… Metadata Harvesting Reference Libraries Museums Publishers E-PrintArchives …that can be exploited by different communities

21. OAI – Repository Perspective Required: Protocol Set Structure URI Scheme MDO MDO MDO MDO Required: DC MDO MDO MDO MDO DO DO DO DO

22. Metadata harvesting The World According to OAI Service Providers Discovery Current Awareness Preservation Data Providers

23. Contexts / Application Domains • Archaeology (ETANA-DL) • http://www.etana.org • Computing education (Ensemble) • http://www.computing portal.org • Crises/tragedies/recovery (CTR) • http://www.ctrnet.net • Electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) • http://www.ndltd.org • Fish identification: http://si.dlib.vt.edu/

24. Domain: graduate education, research Genre:ETDs=electronic theses & dissertations Ryan Richardson: Spanish Cmaps VenkatSrinivasan: Classify, Browse, Analyze Project: Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (NDLTD) http://www.ndltd.org A Digital Library Case Study

25. Student Gets Committee Signatures and Submits ETD Signed Grad School Approval form

26. Library Catalogs ETD, Access is Opened to the New Research WWW NDLTD Digital library workflow -> access control

27. Thanks to: NSF IIS-0736055

28. CTR stakeholders

29. Build a networked digital library relating to CTR • Integrate community, content, and services relating to CTR, making it accessible, and preserving it for long-term reuse • Support information exploration • Aided by an ontology

30. Browsing CTR literature • Searching • Query • expansion Focus groups CTR Ontology • Individual • Organizational • Community • Political • … Tagging Websites, Internet Archive Recommending Summarizing Visualizing Multicultural/ linguistic input Goals for Ontology for CTR sources Social network applications uses

31. SSP1and Storytelling 1 Stepping Stones and Pathways, http://fox.cs.vt.edu/SSP

32. DL CurriculumProject • NSF award to VT and UNC-CH • CS and LIS • http://curric.dlib.vt.edu • http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Curriculum_on_Digital_Libraries

33. DL Curriculum Framework

34. Curatorial Work and Learning in Virtual Environments • Explore how Second Life (SL) can be leveraged in the digital curation community for purposes of improving work practices and training • Explore and understand collaboration related to preservation using virtual environments • Develop and assess SL services that support collaboration and training related to digital preservation

35. zamfirPaule Spencer Lee EdFox Rieko Edward Fox Gary Octagon Gary Octagon Gary Marchionini mantruc Martian Javier Velasco-Martin UmaAldrin Uma Murthy Digital Preserve Personnel / Avatars http://slurl.com/secondlife/Digital%20Preserve/140/126/29

36. DL Definitions - 1 • “A digital library is an organized and focused collection of digital objects, including text, images, video, and audio, along with methods of access and retrieval, and for selection, creation, organization, maintenance, and sharing of the collection.” • Witten & Bainbridge – “How to Build a Digital Library” – Morgan Kaufmann 2003

37. DL Definitions - 2 • “Digital libraries are organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically available for use by a defined community or set of communities” • Waters,D.J. CLIR Issues, July/August 1998 • www.clir.org/pubs/issues/issues04.html

38. DL Definitions - 3 • Issues and Spectra • Collection vs. Institution • Content vs. System • Access vs. Preservation • “Free” vs. Quality • Managed vs. Comprehensive • Centralized vs. Distributed

39. DL Definitions - 4 • NOT a “digitized library” • NOT a “deconstruction” of existing systems and institutions, moving them to an electronic box in a Library • IS a new way to deal with knowledge • Authoring, Self-archiving, Collecting, • Organizing, Preserving, • Accessing, Propagating, Re-using

40. 5S Layers Societies Scenarios Spaces Structures Streams

41. Informal 5S & DL DefinitionsDLs are complex systems that • help satisfy info needs of users (societies) • provide info services (scenarios) • organize info in usable ways (structures) • present info in usable ways (spaces) • communicate info with users (streams)

42. Hypotheses • A formal theory for DLs can be built based on 5S. • The formalization can serve as a basis for modeling and building high-quality DLs.

43. 5Ss

44. 5S and DL formal definitions and compositions (April 2004 TOIS)

45. Structures Societies Scenarios hypertext Streams indexing Spaces searching services Collection Repository browsing A Minimal DL in the 5S Framework Structured Stream Structural Metadata Specification Descriptive Metadata Specification Metadata Catalog Digital Object Minimal DL

48. Ontology: Applications

49. VT Research on Services

50. DL Modeling and Software Engineering