1. SENTENCE DIAGRAMMING English 1

2. Sentence Diagramming • Reed-Kellogg Method • Based on word relationships • Uses the logic of the sentence instead of the physical order of the words

3. Basics First, we establish the base subject/verb relationship in the sentence. All diagrams start with this. Example: It rained. It rained subject predicate

4. Basics The verb phrase contains the complete tense of the verb. It is raining. Contractions will also appear in the diagram. For example: It’s raining. It is raining ‘s raining

5. Direct Objects As part of the predicate, separate this from the verb phrase using a vertical line that ascends from the base line. Alice crafts dolls. Direct Object Alice crafts dolls

6. Noun Predicates and Adjectives Instead of a vertical line, a left-slanting diagonal ascending line is used. Suika is drunk. Marisa is a witch. . Suika is drunk Marisa is witch a Note that this is only applied to adjectives that are used to complement the predicate’s verb phrase.

7. Adjectives, Adverbs and other Modifiers Marisa is witch Earlier we had this example: Marisa is a witch. We use these to show which words modify which in the sentence. Adverbs, adjectives, determiners (the) are attached to the words they modify. . a Note the descending diagonal line with “a.”

8. Adjectives, Adverbs and other Modifiers Suika is drunk Suika is very drunk. very “very” in this case is an adverb that modifies the adjective “drunk.”

9. Adjectives, Adverbs and other Modifiers Alice stayed awake until midnight cramming. Alice stayed awake midnight until cramming Participles like this modify the noun. Participles are differentiated from adjectives by the L-shaped symbol.

10. Adjectives, Adverbs and other Modifiers Marisa stole books Marisa stealthily stole Patchy’s precious books. precious Patchy’s stealthily All of the modifiers appear below the words they are modifying.

11. Adjectives, Adverbs and other Modifiers Sakuya eventually replaced her old, outdated costume. Sakuya replaced costume her old eventually outdated

12. Noun Predicates, Predicate Adjectives, and Direct Objects Everyone considers Cirno a complete idiot. Everyone Cirno idiot considers a complete

13. Prepositions Patchy is practicing magic at the library. Patchy is practicing magic at library the Prepositions are shown by adding a descending diagonal line with the preposition written on it leading to a horizontal line that indicates the complement.

14. Compound Subjects Remilia and Sakuya are picking flowers at the mansion’s conservatory. Remilia are picking flowers and at Sakuya conservatory Compound subjects are indicated by branches connected by a dotted line. The dotted line indicates the conjunction. the mansion’s

15. Compound Subjects Remilia and Sakuya are picking flowers at the mansion’s conservatory. Remilia are picking flowers and at Sakuya conservatory Compound subjects are indicated by branches connected by a dotted line. The dotted line indicates the conjunction. the mansion’s

16. Coordination and Subordination Utsuho is going on a rampage again, so Marisa must stop her immediately. Utsuho is going Both coordination and subordination have the component clauses diagrammed separately. The verbs of the two diagrams are then linked by a vertical dotted line that indicates either the coordinating or subordinating conjunction. rampage on again a so Marisa must stop her immediately

17. Relative Clauses Youmu, who is Princess Yuyuko’s gardener, is also an accomplished swordfighter. Relative clauses modify words in a sentence by adding additional information. They usually start with “who,” “whom,” “where,” etc. Youmu is swordfighter an also accomplished The dotted line attaches the relative pronoun “who” to its antecedent Youmu. A relative clause is diagrammed like this. Since it is a clause, it also has an SV relationship and is diagrammed with the base cross. who is gardener Note the branching modifiers. Princess modifies Yuyuko’s modifies gardener. Yuyuko’s Princess

18. Extreme Example girl drinks blood The immortal vampire girl who lives in the dark, creepy mansion drinks her victims’ blood and enjoys it immensely. the vampire victims’ immortal her who lives and in mansion the creepy dark she enjoys it immensely

19. Overkill Example (Try it Out!) The defenders of Gensokyo, who are incredibly-skilled warriors, are fighting tirelessly to protect the realm from invaders who wish to take their beloved land, but the mysterious enemy who is coming might be too strong for them to defeat.

20. Corrections • The original “Suika is roaring drunk” sentence has been replaced with “Suika is very drunk.” Roaring is a participle and must be diagrammed with the L-symbol. • Misplaced branches have been corrected. • Slide on Relative Clauses added. • Slide on uber diagram added.

21. Title • Composed and animated by JRR Flores • All characters are from the Touhouseries of videogames.http://touhou.wikia.com • All Touhoucharacters are property of Shanghai Alice Gengakudan. 全ての東方キャラは上海アリス幻楽団の財物です。 • References: • Cobuild English Grammar (Harper-Collins) • E360K English Grammar: Diagrams http://www.utexas.edu/courses/langling/e360k/handouts/diagrams/index.html