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Political History of the United States. Political Ideology – basic beliefs, principles and values that determine how a person explains how the believe a society should function
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Political Ideology – basic beliefs, principles and values that determine how a person explains how the believe a society should function Political Party – a group of people who share the same basic political ideology and seek to attain political power within a government through the election process Party Platform – a political party’s stated beliefs and intentions
George Washington – elected unanimously as the first President of the United States John Adams – finished 2nd to Washington, first vice President and first President of Senate John Jay – Appointed by Washington as first Supreme Court Chief Justice
Washington’s Cabinet Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury Henry Knox – Secretary of War Edmund Randolph – Attorney General
Executive Departments Department of State – diplomacy and foreign affairs, Fifth in line to Presidency Department of Treasury – financial and economic matters, sixth in line to Presidency Department of Defense (War) – armed services and military matters, seventh in line to Presidency Department of Justice – legal affairs and chief law enforcement officer, eighth in line to Presidency
James Madison – Representative from Virginia, House of Representatives Aaron Burr – Senator from New York John Marshall - Representative from Virginia, House of Representatives
James Monroe – Senator from Virginia John Quincy Adams – Returned from Russia after the war, became a lawyer and then ambassador to the Netherlands Andrew Jackson – the young boy who had been slashed by a British officer became a self taught lawyer out on the frontier in Tennessee, liked to drink and gamble and get into duels
Charles Pinckney – Representative from South Carolina Charles Pinckney – Senator from South Carolina Thomas Pinckney – Senator from South Carolina
Timothy Pickering – Served under Washington in War, served as both Secretary of War and State James McHenry – Served with Washington in War, served as Secretary of War
Anti-Federalists Federalists Alexander Hamilton James Madison John Jay Patrick Henry Samuel Adams George Mason
First Party System Democratic-Republicans Federalists Wanted strong central government, industrial economy, central bank, aristocratic rule, alliance with Great Britain Wanted small central government, non-industrial economy, no central bank, state rights, personal liberty, alliance with France
Conservative – promotes traditional institutions and gradual and slow change within society Liberal – promotes change in society and a move away from traditions Hawk – someone who advocates going to war Dove – someone who does not advocate going to war
Strict Constructionism – the philosophy that the Constitution should be interpreted literally and focuses on the original meanings of the Framers and not interpretations and should only be changed through the amendment process Loose Constructionism – the philosophy that the Constitution should be broadly interpreted and that the framers included implied powers so that the Constitution can change with society
Whiskey Rebellion Congress passes a tax on whiskey, supporters of Jefferson and the Democrat-Republicans refuse to pay and start a rebellion, so Washington……….
Becomes the first and only President to personally lead troops into battle to suppress the rebellion
Jay Treaty Treaty that said that the United States would Trade with Great Britain and not France Washington signed it to stay out of War
Washington Retires Washington walks away (again) retiring after two terms and setting the precedent of the two term presidency which will last for 144 years and 31 Presidents
Election of 1796 Vs. 68 71
The Quasi War An undeclared war with France over control of shipping routes. To protect against a French invasion Adams creates an Army and then asks………
Washington to be in command But Washington is old and close to
Dying Which he does shortly after taking command but not before he tells to Adams to give command to…………
Alexander Hamilton So now Hamilton controls a party, a bank and an army
The Alien and Sedition Acts Signed into law by Adams the Acts made it illegal to speak out against the government and banned immigrants from entering the country and deported immigrants
Federalist Election of 1800 Democratic-Republican Vs. 73 62 In the first election that both parties tried to “balance the ticket” by having a candidate from the North and South Adams would have won if not for the 3/5 clause. Instead two Democratic- Republicans finished in a tie by mistake 61 73
DR F House of Representatives State Legislatures Majority of States Majority 50% + 1 Electoral College Senate President Pro Tempore – 3rd in line
DR DR Jefferson Burr F 73 73 President Pro Temp Uriah Tracy
Jefferson Revolution Hamilton chose Jefferson after making a deal with him that he would continue some Federalist policies and because he hated Burr. The Democrat-Republican Party would rule for the next 28 years and eventually destroy the Federalist Party
On his way out of office Adams appoints John Marshall to the Supreme Court (and other Federalists judges) where he will spend the 35 years promoting the Federalist agenda of expanding government and the power of the Supreme Court Marbury v. Madison – the Supreme Court case that set the precedent of judicial review – the Supreme Court’s ability to determine if a law is Constitutional
Burr murder of Hamilton The death of the Federalist Party
Incumbent – the existing holder of a political office Running Mate – a person running for election in a subordinate position to another candidate Realigning Election – an election in which there is a sharp change in issues and a new political party becomes dominant for a long period of time (over 20 years)
Amendment XI – a citizen of one state can not sue another state if they do not live in that state Amendment XII – changes the election of the President so that the President and Vice-President are voted for separately, also banned anyone not eligible for President from being Vice-President