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Energy

Energy. Understanding climate and climate change depends, more than anything else , on understanding energy and the flow of energy into, out of, and within the earth system. . Forms of Energy. electromagnetic radiation* heat*

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Energy

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  1. Energy Understanding climate and climate change depends, more than anything else, on understanding energy and the flow of energy into, out of, and within the earth system.

  2. Forms of Energy • electromagnetic radiation* • heat* • also called sensible heat, thermal energy, or internal energy • energy of random molecular motions (rotational, vibrational, and translational) • latent heat* • associated with the phase or state of a substance (solid, liquid, gas) • kinetic • energy of bulk motion of chunks of matter (wind, water, any moving object) • electrical • magnetic • chemical potential • energy in bonds between atoms to form molecules • nuclear • energy in bonds between subatomic particles in atoms • gravitational potential • etc. * Most important for understanding climate and climate change

  3. Principle of Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or destroyed • However, energy can be transformed from one form to another • Example: absorption (of radiative energy by an object, which gains heat this way) radiative energy sensible heat emission (of radiative energy by an object, which loses heat this way

  4. Principle of Conservation of Energy (cont’d) • Example: Phase changes of matter (especially of water) gas (vapor) sensible heat transformed into latent heat (soheat is lost) evaporation condensation latent heat transformed into sensible heat (so heat is gained) sublimation deposition liquid melting (liquification) freezing(solidification) solid

  5. Principle of Conservation of Energy (cont’d) • Moreover, individual bits of material (discrete, definable chunks of matter) can gain or lose energy • Moreover, individual bits of material can gain or lose particular forms of energy, such as heat • The temperature of an individual bit of material will change when the material gains or loses heat • Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of random motions of the molecules of an object/material • Heat is the total kinetic energy of random molecular motions of molecules of an object/material

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