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The study of Chemical & Physical Properties and Changes of Matter

Chemistry. The study of Chemical & Physical Properties and Changes of Matter. Chemistry. What is Chemistry? The study of the of matter What is matter? How can/will matter change when you do something to it What is Matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)

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The study of Chemical & Physical Properties and Changes of Matter

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  1. Chemistry The study of Chemical & PhysicalProperties and Changes of Matter

  2. Chemistry • What is Chemistry? • The study of the of matter • What is matter? • How can/will matterchange when you do something to it • What is Matter? • Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) • All “stuff” around you is matter • All matter is made up of substances or mixtures

  3. Substances v. Mixture • Substance – All the same stuff (“pure”). No matter how much you have, it is all still the same stuff. Ex: a “pure” sample of water is only H20

  4. Substances v. Mixture • Substances consists of: • Elements (single atoms) • i.e. Carbon (C), Oxygen (O) 2. Molecules (combinations of elements) • i.e. Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Salt (NaCl) Molecules are simply a bunch of atoms “stuck” together! Water Carbon Dioxide Sodium Chloride (table salt)

  5. Substances v. Mixture • Mixture • Made of two or more substances – (elements, molecules or both) that are together in the same place, but NOT chemically bonded. Salad Sand/dirt Salt Water

  6. Fill Drain Filter: Pure Substance Leftover Substances v. Mixture • If it’s a mixture, you can separate out the parts relatively easily. • (i.e. filtering/distilling) Mixture Pure Substance Demo: filter Italian salad dressing

  7. What are Properties? • How do you identify a specific substance? -What atoms/molecules make it up! Problem: WE CAN’T SEE THEM! They are way too small! But we can use “Properties” to identify them Properties are “identifying characteristics” (clues) of elements/substances. All substances have their own properties unlike any other substance • Can Identify elements, molecules and substances (combination of elements/molecules) if you know enough of the properties (clues) Demo: which student am I describing? So what if we have a substance that we need to identify?

  8. Intro: Substance ID • Try to Identify the 3 substances • How do you know or can tell what it is? Demo: Three Cups: Salt, Sugar & Mystery Substance Before you are a sample of Sugar, Salt, and a mystery substance First just look at them and try to tell them apart Now smell them and try to tell them apart Now taste them and try to tell them apart The main point: If we know enough “properties” we can identify a substance from other substances.

  9. Physical -Describes generally how a substance appears, feels, etc... Can usually be easily observed without testing anything. Examples: Taste, Smell, Texture, Color, size, Solid/Liquid/Gas, mass, etc… Chemical -Describes how one substance changes into a new substance. Or how it will act under certain conditions. What can/will it do? Examples: Oxidation, +/- Charge, release of bubbles, causes a new smell/color, ALL REACTIONS! 2 Types of Properties:

  10. Physical Change The substance simply changes shape, size, solid/liquid/gas, etc… The substance/element DOES NOT CHANGE!!! It only changes how it appears!!! EX: Freezing water Chemical Change The substance burns/reacts and can release some of it’s “parts” into the air. The substance completely changes to something brandnew! EX: Iron Iron Oxide Q: What if we try to do something to the substance? Change it somehow… Demo: Burning Paper Demo: Breathing Fire

  11. Identifying Matter • Our Brains instinctively use physical properties to identify matter all the time – but can also be deceiving. • Chemists also use chemical properties to help identify unknown substances. Physical Characteristics Chemical Characteristics a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observedwithoutchanging itinto another substance. a characteristic of a pure substance that describers its ability tochangeintodifferent substances. Ding! Ding! Ding! It’s …

  12. Properties are used to solve crimes! Physical Characteristics Chemical Characteristics What do you observe at the crime scene? Perform some tests to see what chemicals are at the crime scene. List Physical Characteristics: List Chemical Characteristics: Ding! Ding! Ding! The answer to the mystery is…

  13. Properties Change

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