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Understanding the Foundations of American Government: From the Magna Carta to the Constitution

This review explores key historical documents and philosophical principles that shaped American governance. It discusses the impact of the Magna Carta, the role of Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu, and the significance of the English and American Bills of Rights. The review also examines critical events leading to the American Revolution, such as the Navigation Acts and the Boston Tea Party, as well as the Constitutional Convention's debates. It emphasizes the importance of establishing a system based on separation of powers and the compromise between Northern and Southern states.

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Understanding the Foundations of American Government: From the Magna Carta to the Constitution

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  1. Trashketball Review

  2. 1.1 Enlightenment

  3. Question • Besides limiting the power of the British monarch and giving more power to the nobles, what else did the Magna Carta do?

  4. Answer • Guaranteed Due Process and Trial by Jury

  5. Question • What Enlightenment philosopher developed the concept of separation of powers?

  6. Answer • Baron de Montesquieu

  7. Question • What principle of American government is being illustrated in this quote? • “Government has no other end, but the preservation of property”

  8. Answer • Natural Rights

  9. Question • Explain the concept of common law

  10. Answer a system of law based on previous court decisions (precedent) rather than regulations and law

  11. Question • In what way is the English Bill of Rights Similar to the American Bill of Rights?

  12. Answer

  13. Question • What principle of American government is being illustrated in this quote? • “Freedom is the power to choose our own chains”

  14. Answer • Popular Sovereignty

  15. Question • What principle of American government is being illustrated in this quote? • To preserve the republican form and principles of our Constitution and cleave to the distribution of powers which that the Constitution has established . . . are the two sheet anchors of our Union. If driven from either, we shall be in danger of foundering.

  16. Answer • Separation of Powers

  17. 1.2 Tensions in the Colonies

  18. Question • How did Great Britain use the economic theory of Mercantilism?

  19. Answer • Britain's power came from its wealth. To accumulate more wealth they used the colonies as a source of raw materials AND a market to sell finished goods to. They exported far more goods than they imported.

  20. Question • What was the significance of the Navigation Acts?

  21. Answer • To ensure that mercantilism would continue to work. GB made it illegal for the colonies to buy anything other than British made goods.

  22. Question • What was the most significant effect that the French and Indian war had on the relationship between the colonies and GB?

  23. Answer • Huge amounts of war debt led GB to tax the colonies which in turn created more colonial resentment towards the crown.

  24. Question • This piece of legislation was a cause of the Boston Tea Party. It taxed many different goods and allowed British officials to search for smuggled goods

  25. Answer • Townshend Acts

  26. Question • What were the intolerable acts?

  27. Answer • Punishment specifically for the city of Boston (after BTP) that restricted colonists’ rights including trail by jury

  28. Question • How did Thomas Paine Influence public opinion regarding the colonies breaking away from GB?

  29. Answer • He wrote Common Sense which made the case for American Independence. He also reached a massive audience with his casual writing style.

  30. Question • What were the 3 purposes of the Declaration of Independence?

  31. Answer • 1. Argue cause to Parliament • 2. Garner support for the cause (troop morale) • 3. Inform other countries

  32. 1.3 Constitutional Convention

  33. Question • Explain two ways the Articles of Confederation were considered weak

  34. Answer • -System of Congress • -Lack of Central Power • -Each state was acting autonomously

  35. Question • Why did Shays’ Rebellion occur?

  36. Answer • Both federal and state government were in serious debt after the F&I War. To pay back this debt states began taxing their citizens and exports heavily. Daniel Shay, a farmer, rebelled with 1200 others in protest of this.

  37. Question • What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention?

  38. Answer • To amend the Articles of Confederation or to write a new Constitution

  39. Question • How were the VA Plan and the NJ plan different?

  40. Answer • -VA Plan – 3 Branches of Gov’t, 2 chambered Congress & Representation in congress would be by population • -NJ Plan – Similar to the Articles, I chambered congress & Representation in congress would be by state (=)

  41. Question • Explain how the Great Compromise used elements from both the VA plan and NJ Plan

  42. Answer • -From VA – two chambered Congress, Senate and House of Reps (based on population) • -From NJ – In the Senate every state would receive the same number of votes

  43. Question • How did Northern and Southern states respectively feel about counting slaves as a part of the population? What was their Compromise?

  44. Answer • South- Wanted slaves to count • North – Did not want slaves to count • 3/5 Compromise held that each slave would count 3/5 of a person

  45. Question • How did Northern and Southern state compromise on the issues of commerce and the slave trade?

  46. Answer • Trade would be controlled by Congress • Congress would not tax exports • Slave trade would end in 1808

  47. 1.4 Ratifying the constitution

  48. Question • Federalist or Anti-Federalist? • Alexander Hamilton

  49. Answer • Federalist

  50. Question • Federalist or Anti-Federalist? • Wanted a Bill of Rights

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