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Pennsylvania Education Policy Fellowship Program 2006-2007

Pennsylvania Education Policy Fellowship Program 2006-2007. FUNDING PUBLIC EDUCATION WHAT’S FAIR AND EQUITABLE?. What Changes are Necessary to Make Pennsylvania’s System of Funding Public Education More Fair and Effective?. Prepared By: Dallas Hack Jacquelyn Kelly Thomas Lubben

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Pennsylvania Education Policy Fellowship Program 2006-2007

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  1. Pennsylvania Education Policy Fellowship Program 2006-2007 FUNDING PUBLIC EDUCATION WHAT’S FAIR AND EQUITABLE?

  2. What Changes are Necessary to Make Pennsylvania’s System of Funding Public Education More Fair and Effective? Prepared By: Dallas Hack Jacquelyn Kelly Thomas Lubben Joan Schanck Alan Vandrew Coy Vickers Jay Weaver Teresa Weaver

  3. “THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY SHALL PROVIDE FOR THE MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT OF A THOROUGH AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM OF PUBLIC EDUCATION TO SERVE THE NEEDS OF THE COMMONWEALTH.” -Article III, Section 14 of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

  4. Timeline of Funding Public Education in PA • 1831 - The Common School Fund Established • 1834 - Free School Act • 1895 - State’s First Compulsory Attendance Law • 1897 - State Funding System Incorporates # of Students • 1903 – State’s First Minimum Teacher Salary Enacted • 1923 – First Effort at Equalizing State Aid • 1930 to 1950 – State Share of Costs from 19% to 40% • 1957 – Formula Includes Actual Instructional Expense (AIE)

  5. Timeline of Funding Public Education in PA • Mid 1960’s to 1983 – State Aid would equal 50% of the median AIE per student (55% achieved in 1974/75) • 1983 – Equalized Subsidy for Basic Education (ESBE) enacted – 50% funding repealed • 1992 – ESBE Abandoned • Current – No Funding Formula • 07/08 School Districts receive an amount = to the 06/07 Basic Instructional Subsidy plus they could qualify for one or all of seven additional supplements: • Poverty, Foundation, Tax Burden, Growth, Small District Assistance, Limited English Proficiency, or Inflation Index Supplement

  6. % of State Share of Revenue for an Representative District from 1992 to 2006

  7. What’s Fair and Equitable? Recommendation from Finance Group: Weighted Student Funding (WSF) a.k.a. Standards-Based Funding Formula

  8. Overview of the Standards-Based Funding Formula • Combines these two formulas: • PA ESBE (Equalized Subsidy for Basic Education) • MD formula implemented in “The Bridge to Excellence in Public Schools Act of 2002”

  9. ESBE = Equalized Subsidy for Basic Education The ESBE formula distributed funds to school districts based on the following: Per Pupil $ Amount X Number of Students X Districts Aid Ratio (Calculated Annually) Students were weighted for the calculation: Kindergarten = 0.5 Elementary =1.0 Secondary = 1.36

  10. The Bridge to Excellence in Public Schools Act • Law enacted in Maryland in 2002 as a result of the “Thornton” Commission Report which included a “costing out” study. • Commission established to study MD’s school finance system because of low test scores and variation in educational quality. • Determined per pupil foundation to achieve student success ($6,612 in 2002). • Determined pupil weighting factors.

  11. Standards-Based Funding Formula Standards-Based Funding Formula = (A) Foundation Amount X (B) Weighted Pupils X (C) Aid Ratio

  12. Components in Funding Formula for 2007/08: • Standards-Based Foundation Amount per Pupil = $ 7,785 (MD per pupil foundation amount adjusted for Act 1 “index” to 2007/08) • Weighted Pupils: • Kindergarten = 0.5 or 1.0 (half or full day) • Special Education = 1.17 • Limited English Proficiency = 1.0 • Economically Disadvantaged = 1.1 • Students not enrolled in public School = 0.5 (Home, Charter, Cyber Students) • Market Value/Personal Income Aid Ratio (Currently calculated annually – to determine the “wealth” of a district)

  13. Obstacles to Achieving Standards-Based Funding • Push Back from Wealthy Districts • State Courts and Legislative Action • General Public’s Perception of Spending on Education • State Control vs. Local Control • Political Support for Tax Cuts not Increases • Accountability of All Involved

  14. Accountability of State & Local Officials • Substantially Increase the State’s Role • Make State Dollars Follow the Child According to Need • Ensure That Districts Allocate State and Federal Funds According to WSF • Encourage Districts to Allocate Local Funding According to the Principles of WSF • Include All Public School Options Fully Within the WSF Approach • Shower the Public with Data

  15. The Goal of Public Education • A population able to compete in the 21st century era of globalization • Achievable by effective education with adequate funding that must also be equitable • Our nation requires it • Our children deserve it

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