Laboratory Information

5. Laboratory Information • Laboratory sections will begin next Monday, September 6th • You should know which day (M, T, R, or F) you are registered for, if not, see: Professor Etzenhouser. • You should attend the laboratory section to which you are registered. • Lab manuals are available at the stockroom ($16) and should be purchased prior to the first day of lab. • Read the first lab before attending your laboratory next week.

6. Why Study Organic Chemistry? • I have to for my major. b) O. Chem is on the MCAT. c) I thought that I would punish myself. d) O. Chem is actually interesting and directly affects the world we live in. It is socially responsible to have an educated perspective regarding these issues ….and it can be FUN too!

7. How does Organic Chemistry Positively Affect the World?

8. Natures Pharmaceuticals MORPHINE Isolated from opium poppy, Papaver Somniferous ASPIRIN precursor isolated from willow bark

9. Synthetic Pharmaceuticals Lipitor (Atorvastatin Calcium) Pfizer indicated for reduction of cholesterol levels 2003-world’s top selling drug–$8 billion/yr Zithromax (Azithromycin) Pfizer antibiotic 2003-$2 billion/yr

10. What about Plastics? Polyethylene (PE) is the most common plastic in the US: Low Density PE High Density PE grocery and garbage bags milk jugs, bulletproof vests (1999–9 billion lb/yr) (1999–8 billion lb/yr) http://www.psrc.usm.edu/macrog/pp.htm

11. Are there polymers other than plastics? Biomaterials http://www.chem.uci.edu/people/faculty/zguan/ polyester derived from a carbohydrate Potential Uses: drug delivery biosensors tissue regeneration

12. So can organic molecules only be good?

13. Amphibian Poisons http://www.asanltr.com/ASANews-99/995frogs.htm Dendrobates histrionicus lives in rainforest of Colombia and Ecuador. Epipedobates tricolor, poison-dart frog from Ecuador, produces epibatidine a nicotine derivative with very strong analgesic activity. Epibatidine is 200 times more active than morphine. High toxicity hinders epibatidine from becoming a drug. epibatidine

14. Pollution 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry was given for“their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone”--specifically the role that chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) play F. Sherwood Rowland Mario J. Molina Paul J. Crutzen

15. Common CFC’s http://ausetute.com.au/cfcozone.html refrigeration, aerosols, foams dry cleaning Substitutes for CFC’s refrigeration, foams aerosols

16. Chemical Weapons VX Gas: Relatively non-volitile nerve agent Liquid when pure, becomes a gas upon expose to air High toxicity: ~10 mg exposure can kill the average person As a weapon of mass destruction, delivery could be via aerosol or water contamination http://www.why-war.com/encyclopedia/weapons/VX http://www.mayoclinic.com/

17. The antidote, Atropine, another small molecule Serves to restore the normal balance of acetylcholine in the body and reverses the effects of nerve gas exposure Small organic molecules, such as VX gas, pose global concerns if they are mishandled……remember “The Rock”?

18. Why study organic chemistry? • Knowledge of O. Chem can lead to improvements in the world and in our quality of life Knowing about the dangers of some organic molecules can help us to better understand the challenges that face the world c) Frogs and flowers are fun to look at d) All of the above! D! Organic chemistry can open the world to you!