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Sunni-Shi'ite Split: A Historical Perspective

Explore the origins of the Sunni-Shi'ite split starting from 632 AD, the key figures involved, and the core beliefs of each sect. Discover the differences in religious practices, the sectarian divisions, and the interesting rituals practiced. Learn about the common fundamentals shared and the historical events that led to the division.

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Sunni-Shi'ite Split: A Historical Perspective

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  1. Sunni Shi’ite Split Marshall Berkeley Robbie Martin Paul Schmidt

  2. 632 AD – Prophet Muhammad died • Abu Bakr named 1st successor (Caliph) • Most Muslims accepted decision, but some supported Ali ibnAbiTalib, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law • Followers of Ali believed that the Prophet Muhammad named Ali as his successor • Abu Bakr and his next two successors, Umar and Uthman, were considered illegitimate by Ali’s followers • 656 AD – Uthman was murdered by some of Ali’s followers • Ali was named as the successor • 661 AD – Ali was assassinated by forces of Uthman

  3. The 2 Sides • Disagreement over who should be the successor to the Prophet Muhammad • Some believed in succession based political merits communal consensus • “Sunni” – meaning “followers of customs” • Others believed in succession through “bloodline” of the Prophet • “Shi’a” – meaning “supporters” or “helpers of Ali”

  4. Distribution of Muslims Green – Sunni Blue – Shi’ite

  5. Sunni Islam

  6. Religious Practices and Beliefs • Majority of Muslims are Sunnis • Accepted first four Caliphs as “Rightly Guided” • Less powerful religious hierarchy • Lenient on who leads prayer • Perform Salat 5 times daily

  7. Interesting Fact • Osama Bin Laden was a Sunni • Extreme Sect

  8. Sunni Law • Based on • Qu’ran • Hadiths • Sunna • The four legal schools • Hanafi • Maliki • Shaf’I • Hanbali

  9. Sectarian Divisions • Ibadi Sect • Has been misrepresented as a Sunni Sect

  10. Shi’ite Islam

  11. Religious Practices and Beliefs • Centers around Ali’s younger son • Hussein • Shi’ites permit Muttah • Salat – can pray twice consecutively (1+2+2) • Three Schools of Law: • TwelverShiism • Ismaili (Sevener) Shiism • Zaydis (Fiver) Shiism

  12. Core Fundamentals between Sunnis and Shi’ites • Share common doctrines and beliefs • Qu’ran • Muhammed is the messenger • Hadiths somewhat differ • Qiyas (Analogy) • Ijma (Consensus) • Ijtihad (Individual Reasoning) • Both recognize the Five Pillars • Recognize each other as Muslims

  13. Interesting/Crazy Stuff • Shi’ite Muslims – Ashoura Day • Ritual in which they cut their scalps to remember the death of Imam Hussein • Shows the Shi’ite suffering from Sunnis - During the Islamic holy month of Moharram • Some of the • demonstrators • flagellate themselves

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