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Native American and Colonial Music

Native American and Colonial Music. 1609-1750. Historical Background. American was discovered in 1492, but a native group of people already had developed a lifestyle here. In the early 1600’s England, France, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands began colonizing the East Coast of America.

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Native American and Colonial Music

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  1. Native American and Colonial Music 1609-1750

  2. Historical Background • American was discovered in 1492, but a native group of people already had developed a lifestyle here. • In the early 1600’s England, France, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands began colonizing the East Coast of America. • Reasons to move to America: • Business • Escape religious persecution • Earn Freedom (indentured servants) • 1609 Jamestown is one of the first successful establishments. • 1754-1763 French and Indian War • 1760’s, colonists begin to revolt.

  3. Native American Music • Focus primarily on voice and percussion • Purpose • Pass down history (no formal written language most of the time) • Communicate with nature (thanks and requests) • Ceremonial (before a hunt or a war) • Many songs were said to be sung by a deity first. • Men and women had specific roles. Women were not allowed to play certain instruments.

  4. Uses by Region Southwest (Pueblos) • Pueblo were a very advanced tribe • Lots of percussion (foot drums, turtle rattles, copper bells) • Low range singing with no harmony • Songs are highly complex with four or five sections and elaborate introductions/endings.

  5. Eastern(Iroquois, Cherokee, Creek) • Call and response singing • Not found anywhere else • Rhythmically complex with many changes in meter. • Use of flutes, whistle, and drums. • Use of pentatonic scale • Shouts incorporated into music

  6. Midwestern Plains(Blackfoot, Dakota, Cheyenne) • High pitches, frequent use of falsetto • Two part songs • Frequent use of the fourth • Rhythmically complex • Use of end-blown flute and skin drums

  7. Northwest(Tsalish, Makah) • Some instances of harmony (only region where this is found) • Use of Chromatic scale • Most rhythmically complex on the continent • Largest body of instruments used (horns, whistles, flutes, percussion)

  8. Musical Example Apache Sundance Not a dance to the Sun. Thanks Great Spirit for providing Marks summer on the calendar Offer personal sacrifice (not death)

  9. Colonial Music • Heavily influenced by home countries • Baroque • Large musical ensembles (not in America) • Harpsichord • Very ornamental (fancy sounding) • Mainly for a listening audience • Composers abroad included Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi

  10. Common Uses and Forms • Dancing • Distinct forms that had specific steps, meters, and styles. • Usually followed a specific order. • Entire thing was called a Suite • Allemande –moderate tempo • Sarabande-slow, ¾ time • Gigue- fast, compound meter • Minuet- moderate, ¾ • Religious Services/Ceremonies • Home Entertainment • No tv’s, radios, or internet…sometimes no real town.

  11. Instruments • Violin • Fife • Recorder • Harpsichord • English Guitar • Drums • Dulcimer • French Horn • Clarinets • Organs (for churches)

  12. Musical ExampleBach Cell Suite No. 1Minuet

  13. Musical Example • Greensleeves • Old English Ballad • Mistakenly identified as written by King Henry VIII • Most likely about a woman who is thought to be something she is not.

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