Lesson 3 Scientific Breakthroughs

1. Lesson 3 Scientific Breakthroughs

2. Warm-up Guesses Let’s go !

3. Who are the people in the pictures? Do you know their discoveries?

4. He proved the Theory of Gravity to be true. Newton， British physical scientist, astronomer and mathematician.

5. He was British who invented an advanced steam engine. Watt

6. Bell,Alexander Graham British

7. Wright Brothers On December 17th, 1903, they made the world's first flight in a machine that was heavier than air and powered by an engine.

8. More guesses Let’s go !

9. Albert Einstein Among the several important discoveries made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.

10. The designer ,Eckert , the first commercial computer made in the United States American physicistJohn William Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

11. He was a young Scottish bacteriologist when an accidental discovery led to one of the great developments of modern medicine. Discover it in February 14 Penicillin Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)

12. Edwin Hubble American astronomer. He changed our ideas about the universe and how it developed. In the late Nineteen-Twenties, his study lead to the most important astronomical discovery of the Twentieth century -- the expanding universe. And he proved that mist were galaxies themselves. Astronomers now agree that far distant galaxies do exist.

13. beautiful space Hubble space telescope

14. Objectives目标 • to use reading strategies for identifying accurate information. .to learn about some scientific breakthroughs and the scientists. In this lesson the students will be able:

15. Find words in the text with the following meanings: • 1. to give something e.g. money, to a person or an organization in order to help them • 2. a part of the body, such as heart or lungs • 3. to divide something into separate parts • 4. compare two things that are happening at the same time • 5. expressing your opinions honestly • 6. one of the large groups of stars that make up the universe • 7. to make someone who is ill well again • 8.a type of oven that cooks food very quickly donate organ split meanwhile outspoken galaxy cure microwave

16. Step1.预习检测: identify important words Fill in the blanks remier nspired iscover • 1. One of the 20th century’s p_____ scientists was Einstein who was i____ to d____ E=mc2 which showed how an u_____ amount of energy was produced. • 2. Scientists f____ ___ how to split the atom and changed the way we c______ from writing letters to emailing. • 3. The o____ of penicillin is a_____, which helped to c____ people. • 4. It is a real d_____ on your hands to choose the most important discovery of the 20th century. Scientific • b_____ improve the quality of human life on earth. nbelievable igured out orrespond utcome mazing ure ilemma reakthroughs Can you find some words in the text that express the same ideas? For example, discover and figure out.

17. Step2.Learn by yourselves学生自学 阅读策略 • 1.First,read the text to get the general idea略读，抓住文章的中心意思。. • 2.Then read the questions and grasp the key words in the question.读问题抓住问题中的关键词 • 3.Find the relevant part of the text and identify the important words.找到文章中与问题相关部分的关键词 • 4.Make sure that you base your decision on the information in the text.紧扣文章

18. Careful reading .

19. Sudden thought Albert Einstein the equation changed our understanding of the universe and helped to create the nuclear bomb proved the universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought By using the most high-power telescope of the time mist (星云) Edwin Hubble

20. by accident helped to save millions of lives Alexander Fleming penicillin not mentioned Eckert & Mauchly worked hard the first computer made great contributions to the development of aircraft Wilbur Wright& Orville Wright the first plane studied for many years

21. Text Memory Fill in the blanks Albert Einstein was suddenly________ when he was rocking his baby. He then showed in his “_________________” that not even time, ______ or ______ are _______---they change according to _______________ of them. inspired theory of relativity mass length constant our experience Edwin Hubble used the most _____________ telescope of the time and began the long, slow process of _________________. He discovered small areas of _____ which proved that the ________was larger than _________________________ high-powered exploring our galaxy mist universe had previously been thought Alexander Fleming saw a strange blue mould in the dish around which____________________________. This blue mould was in fact the ____________________. the bacteria had been destroyed natural form of penicillin In the 20th century, amazing discoveries were made in ____________________________________. Without the ____________ of these ___________________________, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would _________________________________. medicine, communication,transport and space influence breakthroughs pioneers in science and technology have been a completely different place

22. 1. Einstein was at work when he thought of the equation “e=mc2 ” . 2. Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb. 3. Hubble studied the universe for over twenty years. 4. Hubble discovered that our galaxy is bigger than we thought it was. 5. Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened. 6. The first computer was extremely difficult to program. Are these statements true (T) of false (F) according to the text or is there no information (NI)? Use the strategies to help you. F rock baby NI NI T F NI

23. .1.Who said that ‘Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration’? A. Albert Einstein B. Madame Curie C. Thomas Edison 2. Whoreceived two Nobel prizes and she discovered radium In 1898? A. Gregor Mendel B. Madame Curie C. Isaac Newton

24. First reading Read to learn Reading strategy 1 → Get the general idea and read the text fast. Don’t worry about the words that are new to you. The purpose of this article is _______. • the introduction of Albert Einstein • the introduction of the process of scientific breakthrough • introduction of the major scientific discoveries in the 20th century • the contributions scientists made to the world The text mainly talks about a few pioneers of science and their discoveries in the 20th century, which makes the world completely different. summary

25. Tell the stories of the scientists with the words given. Penicillin, bacteria, notice, kill, save, modest telescope, galaxy, world-famous, mist, universe E=mc2 ,premier,theory of relativity, inspire, rock baby, mass, outspoken, unbelievable Oven meal radar chocolate Accuracy of missiles, first computer,measure,energy

26. Retell the text Optional Task E=mc2 ,theory of relativity telescope,galaxy, Penicillin, bacteria, machine, missile, energy, microwave Inspire, explore, discover, notice, realize, destroy, save, cure, measure, dedicate, affect, breakthrough world-famous, outspoken, unbelievable, far-reaching, mass-produced, first, huge, grateful

27. Homework Writing Task: Your Favorite Scientist What is the most important or interesting fact about the scientist? Why do you like him or her? What are his or her achievements?

28. step3 Language points

29. Language Points Inspire V. • To stimulate to action; motivate • To affect, guide, or arouse by divine influence. • Inspire sb to do sth • __________________________ by her example. • 她的榜样激励他更加努力地工作. • Inspire sth in sb激起某人某种感情 • Inspire sth with sth • His speech ______________________________. • 他的演讲燃起了他们的希望. He was inspired to work harder inspired them with hope./inspired hope in them.

30. constantadj. 1. staying the same for a period of time • A thermostat keeps the temperature constant. (保持恒定的) • 2. happening all the time or regularly • Sam was in constant pain. (持续不断的) • constantly adv. constancy n. 坚定不移, 持久性 • amazing adj.so surprising that it is hard to believe • amaze v. amazement n. 与amazing类似的形容词常见的有: exciting, interesting, disappointing, puzzling, surprising, astonishing, shocking, moving, encouraging, boring, delighting, inspiring, pleasing, tiring, worrying等, 表示”令人…的”.

31. turn to sb • 1. To try to get help, advice, or sympathy from sb. by doing sth. • Nobody seems to understand; I don’t know who to turn to. • 向某人求助 • 2. to look at a particular page in a book. • E.g. Turn to page 101 for more information. • turn down\up turn off\on • turn into • turn in • turn back • turn out • turn on • turn over • turn against

32. Key sentences • This outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. “正要/正在……突然”的表达: be doing sth. when….. be about to do sth. when… be on the point of doing sth. when… 我们正要放弃时,校长来鼓励我们了. We were on the point of giving up when the headmaster came to encourage us.

33. 2.E=mc2 showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy. 他的世界著名的方程式显示出质量很小的物质怎样能产生出令人难以置信的巨大能量. mass: (1);quantity of matter without a regular shape (2); a large number of (3); tech (in science) the amount of matter in a body.

34. Useful expressions: We started flying around the world and meanwhile,scienists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the world.

35. Quiz Time 用自己的智慧和汗水 为自己的成功插上 飞翔的翅膀