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Introduction to Embedded Systems: Definitions, Classifications, and Required Skills

This lesson provides an overview of embedded systems, defining them as dedicated computer-based systems with integrated software, either as standalone devices or components of larger systems. The lesson categorizes embedded systems into small-scale, medium-scale, and sophisticated systems, highlighting their distinct characteristics. It also discusses the essential skills required for embedded system development, including programming, device drivers, and system integration, alongside exemplary application areas where embedded systems play a critical role.

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Introduction to Embedded Systems: Definitions, Classifications, and Required Skills

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  1. Introduction to Embedded Systems - Lesson 1: Definition, classification, Skills Required, Application Examples, .. Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  2. Definitions: “An Embedded System is a computer based system for an application(s) or product with dedicated software embedded in it. It may be an independent system or part of large system. – Present Book Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  3. “It is any device that includes a programmable computer but is not itself intended to be a general purpose computer.” – Wayne Wolf, Ref: 79 Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  4. “Embedded Systems are the electronic systems that contain a microprocessor or a microcontroller, but we do not think of them as computers- the computer is hidden or embedded in the system.” – Todd D. Morton, Ref: 77 Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  5. Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  6. Three Classes of the Embedded Systems Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  7. Small scale system – Single 8 or 16 bit microcontroller, little hardware and software complexities, C or Java as development platform, … Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  8. Medium Scale System - Single or few 16 or 32 bit microcontrollers or DSPs or RISCs, may also employ the readily available ASSPs and IPs in the hardware, use complex software design tools: ‘C’, Source code engineering tool, RTOS, IDE (Integrated Development Environment) as the development platform, … Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  9. Sophisticated system – enormous hardware and software complexities, may also employ scalable or configurable processors and FPGAs, needs hardware and software co-design and integration in the final system, used for the cutting edge applications, for example, an iPod or Smart mobile phone Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  10. Design Skills Requirement • Embedded System development is a team work of software and hardware engineers of various skills. Exemplary skills required are C/C++/Java/J2ME/Visual C++/.NET programming, RTOS programming, APIs, programming for device drivers, IOs, APIs and network interfaces, …. Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  11. Program and Design Modeling, Uses of Inter-Process Communication, Use of ICE, Lab Programming, Assemblers, Simulators, IDE, Debugging and Source code Engineering tools, Project Management, System Integration, .. Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  12. Exemplary Application Areas – Also refer to Section 1.5.1 pp. 37-39 Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  13. Summary We learnt • (i) definition of an embedded system, • (ii) classification of the embedded systems, • (iii) design team skills required and • (iv) exemplary application-areas. Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  14. End of Lesson 1 Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

  15. Look at this sunflower, a nature’s gift – How does the nature embed its software? The flower rotates its face continuously towards the Sun. Chapter-1 L1: "Embedded Systems - Architecture, Programming and Design" , Raj Kamal, Publs.: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

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