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Introduction to Epidemiological Methods

Introduction to Epidemiological Methods. Bioterrorism Epidemiology Module 4 Missouri Department of Health And Senior Services. Learning Objectives. Define bioterrorism epidemiology Describe epidemiological approach to understanding disease etiology

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Introduction to Epidemiological Methods

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  1. Introduction to Epidemiological Methods Bioterrorism Epidemiology Module 4 Missouri Department of Health And Senior Services

  2. Learning Objectives • Define bioterrorism epidemiology • Describe epidemiological approach to understanding disease etiology • Recognize difference between incidence and prevalence • Distinguish between the stages of the disease process

  3. Biological and Chemical Epidemiology The study of the distribution and determinants of diseases resulting from a biological or chemical attack

  4. Sources of Epidemiologic Clues to a Disease Outbreak • Clinician’s office or medical clinic • Emergency room • Laboratory • Veterinary Clinic • Pharmacy

  5. Epidemiologic Approach to Understanding Disease Etiology • Descriptive epidemiology - identifying associations of disease in relation to • Time • Place • Persons

  6. Epidemiologic Approach to Understanding Disease Etiology • Analytic epidemiology • Identify associations of disease with possible etiologic factors (chemical release, biological agent) • Further refine and test hypotheses regarding etiology

  7. Problems Investigating the Causes of Disease • Specific agent might not be known • Location of agent release might not be known • Signs and symptoms might not differentiate disease • More than one agent might be used • Time of agent release might not be known • Latency period might not be known • Latency is not the same for all people

  8. Epidemiologic Triad of Disease Host Agent Environment

  9. Epidemiologic Triad of Disease Host Agent Environment

  10. Epidemiologic Triad of Disease Host Agent Environment

  11. Epidemiologic Triad of Disease Host Agent Environment

  12. Modes of Transmission Host • Direct • Contact • Droplets • Indirect • Airborne • Vehicle-borne • Vector-borne • Mechanical • Biologic Agent Environment

  13. Modes of Transmission Host • Direct • Contact • Droplets • Indirect • Airborne • Vehicle-borne • Vector-borne Agent Environment

  14. Factors That May Be Associated With Disease

  15. Factors That May Be Associated With Disease

  16. Factors That May Be Associated With Disease

  17. Factors That May Be Associated With Disease

  18. Factors That May Be Associated With Disease

  19. Factors That May Be Associated With Disease

  20. Factors That May Be Associated With Disease

  21. Factors That May Be Associated With Disease

  22. Factors That May Be Associated With Disease

  23. Factors That May Be Associated With Disease

  24. Factors That May Be Associated With Disease

  25. Numerators and Denominators

  26. What Is a Numerator • Count of cases

  27. What Is a Numerator • Count of cases • Frequently organized in a line-listing

  28. Line Listing

  29. What Is a Numerator • Count of cases • Frequently organized in a line-listing • Allows for regrouping and counting cases by their various characteristics

  30. What Is a Numerator • Count of cases • Frequently organized in a line-listing • Allows for regrouping and counting cases by their various characteristics • Might be incident or prevalence cases

  31. Incidence and Prevalence Incidence=

  32. Incidence and Prevalence Number ofnew cases of a disease over a period of time Incidence=

  33. Incidence and Prevalence Prevalence=

  34. Incidence and Prevalence Total number of cases of a disease Prevalence=

  35. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  36. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  37. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  38. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  39. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  40. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  41. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  42. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  43. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  44. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence • Under the assumption of a steady-state Prevalence = I * D I = incidence D = duration Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  45. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence • Under the assumption of a steady-state Prevalence = I * D I = incidence D = duration Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  46. Relationship Between Incidence and Prevalence • Under the assumption of a steady-state Prevalence = I * D I = incidence D = duration Recovery Death Incidence Prevalence Pot

  47. Episodes of Tularemia Number of Persons M L K J I H G F D E C B A TIME

  48. Episodes of Tularemia Number of Persons M L K J I H G F D E C B A TIME

  49. Episodes of Tularemia Number of Persons M L K J I H G F D E C B A TIME

  50. Episodes of Tularemia Number of Persons M L K J I H G F D E C B A TIME

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