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Understanding the Reproductive System and Pregnancy Journey

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Explore the intricate processes of the reproductive system, from gamete formation to conception and pregnancy milestones. Learn about menstruation, ovulation, fertilisation, implantation, and contraception methods.

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Understanding the Reproductive System and Pregnancy Journey

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  1. Reproductive System

  2. A sex cell is known as a gamete • The male sex cell (or gamete) is called sperm; the female sex cell (or gamete) is called the egg

  3. Fertilisation occurs when a sperm fuses with an egg

  4. Fertilisation occurs in the fallopian tube

  5. The menstrual cycle • Menstruation is the shedding of the lining of the uterus • The menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days and menstruation occurs at the start of the cycle

  6. In Each Menstrual Cycle: Day 1 –5: The lining of the uterus breaks down and passes out of the body (a period occurs)Day 6 – 13: A new lining forms in the uertus and a new egg develops in the ovaryDay 14:An egg is released from the ovary (ovulation) Day 15 – 28:The lining of the uterus remains in place until the next menstrual cylce

  7. Fertile Period • These are the days on which pregnancy is most likely to occur. • Typically this is from days 11 –16.

  8. Ovulation • The release of the egg from the ovary

  9. Sexual intercourse occurs when the erect penis of the male is placed in the vagina of the female • Fertilisation is the fusion between male and female gametes (sperm and egg) resulting ina zygote • A zygote undergoes cell division and develops within the womb into a foetus

  10. Implantation occurs when the dividing zygote attaches itself to the lining of the uterus.

  11. Pregnancy: the foetus inside the womb • Implantation occurs when the dividing zygote (ball of cells) attaches itself to the lining of the uterus. • Human pregnancy usually lasts about 40 weeks • After 8 weeks the embryo is recognisable as a human and is the called a foetus. • Placenta acts as a link between the mother’s bloodstream and that of the developing embryo (it brings in nutrients and takes away waste).

  12. Pregnancy • This is the length of time the baby spends developing in the uterus.

  13. During Pregnancy:• The baby is surrounded by a membrane called amnion • Amniotic fluid surrounds and protects the baby • The umbilical cord connects the baby and placenta • The placenta allows substances to be exchanged between the mother and the baby

  14. The birth itself • Contractions begin (muscles in the uterus contract). • ‘breaking of the waters’ (liquid, or amniotic fluid or fluid escapes). • Cervix dilates(widens). • The baby is pushed through the cervix (into the vagina)

  15. Contraception

  16. TWO TYPES • CHEMICAL • PHYSICAL

  17. Chemical Contraception • Some pills prevents the embryo implanting in the uterus

  18. Physical contraception • Avoiding intercourse at certain times • Using a condom, a cap or chemicals to kill sperm

  19. Surgical Contraception • • Surgery to close off the sperm ducts (Vasectomy) or fallopian tubes.

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