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Understanding Word Types and Functions in German Language Cases

This guide explores the various types of words, including nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adjectives, along with their functions in a sentence such as subject, predicate, and object. It highlights the four cases in German: nominative for subjects, accusative for direct objects, dative for indirect objects, and genitive for possession. Examples in Old, New, and Modern English, as well as German, illustrate these concepts. Embrace the intricacies of language structure to enhance your understanding and mastery of German grammar and sentence formation.

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Understanding Word Types and Functions in German Language Cases

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  1. Type / function / form • Type of words: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives etc. • their function in a sentence: subject , predicate , object etc. • their form depending on their funktion: nominative , accusative, genitive etc.

  2. Cases / Fälle • The teacher gives the girl her brother‘s apple. • Der Lehrer gibt • nominative(subject) • dem Mädchen • dative (indirect object) • den Apfel • accusative (direct object) • ihres Bruders • genitive (possessive object)

  3. Cases / Fälle • There are four different cases in German: • the nominative • used for the subject of a sentence and for predicate nouns • the accusative • used for direct objects and certain prepositions • the dative • used for indirect objects, certain prepositions and some special verbs • the genitive • used to show possession or close relationships

  4. Cases / Fälle • Old English • seo cwen geseah Þone guman • the woman saw the man • se guma geseah Þa cwen • the man saw the woman

  5. Cases / Fälle • New English • The woman saw the man • She saw him • The man saw the woman • He saw her

  6. Cases / Fälle • Die Frau sieht den Mann • Sie sieht ihn • Der Mann sieht die Frau • Er sieht sie

  7. I me you you he him she her it it we us you you they them ich mich du dich er ihn sie sie es es wir uns ihr euch sie sie Personal Pronous

  8. prepositions • I see him. • I buy a card for him. • Ich sehe ihn. • Ich kaufe eine Karte für ihn.

  9. bis durch für gegen ohne um until Ich bin bis nächsten Montag hier. through Ich gehe durch den Park. for against Ich bin gegen ihn. without Ich komme ohne ihn. around, at Ich gehe um den Park. Präpositionen mit Akkusativ

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