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A brief Introduction to Bioinformatics

A brief Introduction to Bioinformatics. Y. SINGH NELSON R. MANDELA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF TELEHEALTH SINGHY@UKZN.AC.ZA. Content licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported. Learning Objectives. What is Bioinformatics Why is it important

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A brief Introduction to Bioinformatics

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  1. A brief Introduction to Bioinformatics Y. SINGH NELSON R. MANDELA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF TELEHEALTH SINGHY@UKZN.AC.ZA Content licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported

  2. Learning Objectives • What is Bioinformatics • Why is it important • Examples of Bioinformatics application • What is Sequencing • Uses of Sequencing

  3. Building Blocks of DNA • Bases are the building blocks of DNA • DNA uses four different bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine & Thymine • Connected by 2’-deoxy-ribose-phosphate backbone

  4. DNA • Please watch Video One

  5. Information in DNA is Transferred to RNA & into Proteins • DNA (ACGT on deoxyribose backbone) • RNA (ACGU on ribose backbone) • Proteins (amino acids on peptide backbone)  

  6. Information in RNA Encodes Proteins • Triplets of RNA nucleotides encode 20 amino acids • 8 essential amino acids

  7. DNA Mutates Mutations in DNA (changes in bases) can  changes in amino acids can  changes in proteins Mutations can be: Inherited: sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, susceptibility to some cancers (BRCA: breast cancer) Acquired: some birth defects, leukemia, HIV resistance

  8. Definition • Bioinformatics : • applied mathematics, • informatics, • statistics, • computer science, • artificial intelligence, • chemistry, biochemistry etc • to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level

  9. What can Bioinformatics do • sequence alignment, • gene finding, • genome assembly, • protein structure alignment, • protein structure prediction, • predict products of gene expression • protein-protein interactions, • the modeling of evolution.

  10. What can Bioinformatics do • sequence alignment, • gene finding, • genome assembly, • protein structure alignment, • protein structure prediction, • predict products of gene expression • protein-protein interactions, • the modeling of evolution.

  11. Sequence Alignment • Compare genes within a species • Search genes • BLAST

  12. Demonstration: Video Two BIOAFICA: http://www.bioafrica.net/rega-genotype/html/subtypinghiv.html STANFORD HIV-DB: http://hivdb.stanford.edu/

  13. FINDING SIMILARITIES HTTP://WWW.EBI.AC.UK/TOOLS/CLUSTALW2/INDEX.HTML HTTP://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/SITES/ENTREZ?DB=PROTEIN&CMD=SEARCH

  14. Implications for clinical informatics • Sequence information in medical records • New diagnostic and prognostic information sources • Ethical considerations

  15. Thank You

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