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The Three Disciplines in Personality Psychology

The Three Disciplines in Personality Psychology. Personality Research. Research approach not always ‘objective’ content-based decision Approaches historically associated w/ prominent theories & have been politicized

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The Three Disciplines in Personality Psychology

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  1. The Three Disciplines in Personality Psychology

  2. Personality Research • Research approach not always ‘objective’ content-based decision • Approaches historically associated w/ prominent theories & have been politicized • Different approaches hold different assumptions about human nature & have different goals for personality research

  3. Personality Research • Cronbach (1957), ‘Individual differences have been an annoyance…to the experimenter.’ • What did he mean? • Correlational approach more appropriate for personality research? • Individual differences central (starts where experimental leaves off)

  4. Clinical & Experimental Attitudes • Clinical: Discovery of totality of person • Idiographic, individual, humanistic, speculative • Experimental: Control, general laws • Nomothetic, typical person, scientific, objective • Two opposing cultures

  5. Intensive study of small n Growth, development, change, pathology (L) Psychology of the disordered personality Interpretation of ambiguous phenomenon Dreams, random thoughts, slips of tongue No standardized assessment & Hos untestable Projective tests, interviews, therapy Poor reliability, validity Clinical Approach

  6. Clinical Approach Rorschach Inkblots TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

  7. Experimental Approach • Systematic manipulation of Vs • Reject clinical, correlational as speculative • Projective tests, Qaires • Wundt, Pavlov, Watson, Skinner • Process (T: isolate, manipulate causes of behavior) • Limited Vs & external validity

  8. Correlational Approach • Emphasizes individual differences • Relies on introspection (Qaires) • Assumes people accurately report behavior • Strong tradition of measurement (Galton)

  9. Galton’s Anthropometric Lab: London: 1884

  10. Correlational Approach • Structure & process • Dimensions of personality key (Spearman) • How dimensions interrelate & impact behavior

  11. Self-Reports • Central to correlational approach & personality psychology • Controversy regarding their reliability and validity • People may lie or distort self, not know or remember past behaviors • Pros Cons

  12. Activity 2: Self-Report • Describe the arguments for & against self-reports. • What variables impact the strength of self-other agreement (see Funder et al., 1995, p. 12-13)? • Does self-other agreement indicate the validity of self-reports? Explain. • PLEASE TURN THIS IN AT THE END OF CLASS!

  13. Reaction Paper 1: Self-Reports • Should self-reports be used in personality psychology? Explain your position. • PLEASE TURN THIS IN AT THE END OF CLASS!

  14. Next Class • Read Pervin (Controversies) Chapter 11

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