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Understanding Child Development Theories: Erikson, Piaget, Skinner & More

Explore major child development theories such as Psychosocial Theory, Cognitive Development Theory, Behaviorism, Sociocultural Theory, Multiple Intelligences, and Motivation Theory. Learn about Erik Erikson's stages, Piaget's cognitive development stages, Skinner's behaviorism concepts, Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Gardner's multiple intelligences, and Maslow's motivational theory. Discover how these theories impact a child's growth and learning process.

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Understanding Child Development Theories: Erikson, Piaget, Skinner & More

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  1. ECE I Objective 4.03 Interpret Theories of Child Development

  2. 6 Major Theories of Child Dev. • Psychosocial Theory of Human Dev. • Erik Erikson • Theory of Cognitive Dev. • Jean Piaget • Theory of Behaviorism • B. F. Skinner and others

  3. Theories con’t… • Sociocultural Theory • Lev Vygotsky • Theory of Multiple Intelligences • Howard Gardner • Motivation Theory • Abraham Maslow

  4. Erik Erikson-Human Dev. • Life is a series of stages • Each individual must pass through each stage • Way in which a person handlers each of these stages affects the person’s identity and self-concept

  5. Psychosocial Stages • Newborn • Trust Vs. Mistrust • Toddler • Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt • Preschool Child • Initiative Vs. Guilt

  6. Psychosocial Stages con’t… • School-age child • Industry Vs. Inferiority • Adolescent • Identity Vs. Role Confusion • Young adult • Intimacy Vs. Isolation

  7. Psychosocial Stages con’t… • Adult • Generativity Vs. Stagnation • Elder • Integrity Vs. Despair

  8. Jean Piaget-Cognitive Dev. • Behavior of children and the dev. of their thinking can only be explained by the interaction of: • Nature • intrinsic dev. • Nurture • extrinsic environmental factors

  9. Children pass through specific stages as they develop their Cognitive Dev. Skills: • Sensorimotor • Birth-2 years • Infants develop their intellect • Preoperational • 2-6 years • Children begin to think symbolically and imaginatively

  10. Piaget’s Cognitive Dev. Skills con’t… • Concrete Operational • 6-12 years • Children learn to think logically • Formal operational • 12 yrs-adulthood • Adults develop critical thinking skills

  11. B.F. Skinner & others-Behaviorism • Based on Locke’s tabula rasa (“clean slate”) idea • Skinner theorized that a child is an “empty organism” • An empty vessel • waiting to be filled through learning experiences

  12. Skinner-Behaviorism con’t… • Any behavior can be changed through the use of positive and negative reinforcement. • Behaviorism is based on cause-and-effect relationships.

  13. Major elements of behaviorism include: • Positive and negative reinforcement • Use of stimulus and response • Modeling • Conditioning

  14. Sociocultural TheoryLev Vygotsky • The cultures in which children are raised and the ways in which they interact with people influence their intellectual development.

  15. Lev Vygotsky-Sociocultural Theory • Cultural environments • Children learn values • Beliefs • Skills • Traditions • eventually pass on to their own children

  16. Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory con’t…. • Through cooperative play, children learn to behave according to the rules of their cultures. • Learning is an active process. • Learning is constructed.

  17. Vygotsky’s Elements of Sociocultural Theory: • Zone of proximal development • Scaffolding

  18. Theory of Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner • Intelligence is viewed as the ability to solve problems and create products in a specific situation. • Many kinds of intelligences exist. • IQ tests • Focus on 1 & 2 of these intelligences

  19. Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence's • Intelligences may be exceptionally well-developed in individuals either by: • Well-developed parts of the brain Or • Cultural conditions

  20. The 8 intelligences that are widely recognized are: • Linguistic • Logical-mathematical • Spatial • Bodily – kinesthetic • Intrapersonal • Interpersonal • Musical • Naturalistic

  21. Copy website http://www2.bgfl.org/bgfl2/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks3/ict/multiple_int/index.htm

  22. Motivation TheoryAbraham Maslow • People are motivated by a set of basic human needs that may be organized in the form of a hierarchy, or pyramid, with the most critical needs at the bottom of the hierarchy.

  23. Maslow’s Motivational Theory • He say’s…. • Once our most critical needs—physical, are met, individuals can focus on achieving higher and loftier needs such as love, respect, and self-actualization.

  24. Maslow’s Basic NeedsBeginning with the most critical

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