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Epithelial Coverings

Epithelial coverings serve as the body's protective armor, playing crucial roles in protection and temperature regulation. In various species, including fish and mammals, the epithelium forms specialized structures like scales, feathers, hair, and nails. The skin is composed of multiple layers, including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, each serving distinct functions. The epidermis provides a waterproof barrier, while the dermis contains vital structures such as blood vessels and sensory receptors. Common skin disorders, such as athlete's foot and psoriasis, affect overall health.

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Epithelial Coverings

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  1. Epithelial Coverings Body armor

  2. Epithelial coverings • In Vertebrae skin functions in protection and temperature regulation • In fish, reptiles, and a few mammals the epithelium forms scales • Several types of specialized glands • Mammary glands • Sebaceous glands • Sweat glands

  3. Epithelial coverings • Skin produces many different structures • Skin of birds produce or form feathers. • Skin of mammals form hair, nails, or claws

  4. Epidermis • Waterproof layer • Deepest layer is the Stratum basale • Site for new skin cell production • Some of these cells produce melanin • Upper layer known as stratum corneum • Cells in this layer are keratinized • Keratin waterproofs skin and makes up hair and nails

  5. Dermis • Contains blood vessels and other structures • Collagen strengthens the skin yet allows flexibility • Elastin gives skin its elasticity. Fibrous scleroprotein found in elastic tissues such as walls of arteries. • The dermis contains • Sensory receptors • Sweat glands • Oil glands • Hair follicles are embedded in it

  6. Hypodermis • Located at the base of the dermis • This is a fatty layer important for insulation (white fat). • Infants, hibernating animals, and small rodents that live in cold areas have brown fat. • Brown fat produces heat

  7. Disorders of skin • Athletes foot • Impetigo • Psoriasis

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