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Visually Coupled Systems Hardware and the Human Interface

This presentation explores Visually Coupled Systems (VCS) and their integration with human operators. Key components include Head-Mounted Displays (HMD) that use advanced optical systems such as simple magnifiers and compound microscopes to enhance visual information and motor skills. The focus is on the parameters that characterize VCS, including head tracking, orientation, and resolution. Applications span military and civilian domains, showcasing the vital role of these technologies in enhancing human-computer interactions.

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Visually Coupled Systems Hardware and the Human Interface

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  1. Visually Coupled Systems Hardware and the Human Interface Presented By Padmashri & Sogra

  2. Visually Coupled System • A “special subsystem” which integrates the natural visual and motor skills of an operator into the system he is controlling. • 3 major components - HMD - Means of tracking the head or eye pointing direction - Source of visual information which is dependent on the head or eye viewing direction

  3. Major components of virtual reality and visually coupled systems

  4. Head/Helmet mounted display • Optical System - Simple Magnifier - Compound Microscope • Display Image Source

  5. Simple Magnifier

  6. Simple Magnifier (contd.) • Single lens system • Simple and inexpensive Field of view (FOV) of this system: FOV=2arctan(S/(2F)) S – Linear size of the display image source F – Focal length of the lens

  7. Characteristics of Simple Magnifier Optical System • Lens focal length • Diameter of the lens • Format size for which the lens is designed • Imaging quality of the lens

  8. Compound Microscope HMD Optical System

  9. Features of compound microscope • The observed image is inverted compared with image on the display(unlike the simple magnifier approach) • The existence of a real intermediate image can be a problem

  10. Characteristics of Compound Microscope • Exit pupil size • Exit pupil location(eye relief) • Input format size • Field of view

  11. Image sources for HMD Image source-Key component technology Two types : • Emissive Display Image Sources -Lasers -Electroluminescent Displays -Field-emission Displays -Miniature CRT

  12. Image sources for HMD (contd.) • Non-emissive Display Image Sources -Subtractive color Liquid Crystal Displays

  13. Helmet/Head Tracking systems Visually coupled systems(VCS) &VRS have their visual interface to the human driven by: • Head orientation and position(HOP)information • Transmitters and receivers • Ultrasonic, magnetic or light energy • Simple sighting reticle • Eye Line-of-sight (LOS) information

  14. Parameters of Helmet P&OT System • Line-of-sight, orientation, position • Head coverage or motion box • Static accuracy • Resolution & Repeatability • Update rate & Refresh rate

  15. Parameters of Helmet P&OT System (contd.) • System Interfaces • Other System issues -Number of transducers that must be installed -Type of transducer alignment

  16. System Integration Parameters used to characterize a VCS: • Ocularity (binocular, biocular, monocular) • Color (monochrome, polychrome) • Type I or II (combiner, no combiner) • Monocular field of view • Angular sub tense of the displayed image as measure from the pupil of one eye • Total field of view • Angular size of the virtual image visible to both the eyes expressed in degrees

  17. System Integration (contd.) • Binocular field of view (if applicable) • Refers to the size of the display field which is visible to both the eyes • Field of regard • It is the angular size of the visual scene that is within the range of viewing angles possible with the particular HMD/Tracker/Sensor system

  18. System Integration (contd.) • Resolution • Method of providing limited amount of information regarding image quality aspects of a display • Focus (image distance) • Luminance • Corresponds to the human visual sensation of brightness measured in foot - lamberts • Combiner ratio • If HMD uses combiner to super-impose HMD image on the real world, the reflection and the transmission co-efficient might be expressed as a ratio

  19. Display Image Source/electronic interface Two major interface issues that affect the performance of the head mounted image sources are: • Remoteness of the image from its drive electronics • Display Artifacts

  20. Applications of VCS &VCS Components • Military systems and applications • Civilians systems and applications • http://www.sid.org/sid95/applicat.htm

  21. References Performance and head movements using a helmet-mounted display sized fields-of-view – Maxwell J. Wells, Michael Venturino. Overlap Binocular Field-of-View flight Experiment – T. H. Bui, R. H. Vollmerhausen and B. H. Tsou. Head Mounted Displays – James E. Melzer & Kirk Moffitt.

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