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투자론강의노트 04. 포트폴리오이론. 포트폴리오의 위험과 기대수익률 - Notation. [ 상관계수 ]. ①+ ②+③+ ④. ◦ n-asset case - Notation - -. - variance-covariance matrix. Diversification ◦ An Example of Gains from Diversification - Investment of $100 on two identical securities.
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투자론강의노트04 포트폴리오이론
포트폴리오의 위험과 기대수익률 - Notation
◦ n-asset case - Notation - -
Diversification ◦ An Example of Gains from Diversification - Investment of $100 on two identical securities
- Investment of $50 in A and $50 in B, and independent case( ) ⇒ increasing E(u)
◦ The Size of Gains from Diversification : depending on the degree of interdependence the number of securities
(1) Impact of Interdependence ex) Sec A : E( ) = 10, Var( ) = 100 Sec B : E( ) = 20, Var( ) = 900
- Pfo결합선( Pfo combination line ) 주식A 주식A 100 주식B 주식A 100
(2) Impact of the Number of Securities (Diversification Effects) - ex) A, B, and introducing sec C w/ E( )=30, Var( )=2500
[분산투자와 포트폴리오의 위험] 위험 고유위험 (비체계적위험) 시장위험 (체계적위험) 구성주식수
- 위험의 분류 : 체계적 위험 (시장위험, 분산불가능 위험) 비체계적 위험 (기업특유위험, 분산가능위험) - 특정 증권이 Pfo의 위험에 미치는 영향은 특정증권의 위험(분산)의 크기가 아닌 타 증권의 분산(혹은 ρ)에 달려 있다. • 따라서 투자위험에의 적절한 보상은 분산불가능위험 • 인 체계적위험으로 한정해야 한다. - 도해적이해
◦투자기회집합 ◦Pfo Frontier the set of all the possible combinations of expected return and standard deviations by pooling securities - By varying the fraction invested in each security, we can create an alternative number of combinations. - Frontier Pfo : A pfo which has minimum variance among pfos that have the same expected return - Pfo Frontier : the set of frontier pfos • 효율적 투자선(efficient frontier)의 도출
(2) w/ riskless asset let ω be the fraction invested in risky asset
무위험자산의 추가로 인해 새로이 형성된 효율적 투자선
◦ Efficient Set ( Capital Allocation Line ) - Efficient pfo : A pfo which dominate other pfos in the sense that given variance, it has a higher expected return and given expected return, it has a lower variance. - Dominance principle - Efficient Set : a set of efficient pfos (1) w/ risky assets only : upper segment of hyperbola
⑵ w/ riskless asset - riskless lending and borrowing - tangent pfo : the pfo where the efficient set for the risky asset and the straight line emanating from the risk-free asset are tangent. - CAL : all feasible risk-return combinations using a risky and riskless asset : CAL의 기울기 = 위험보상비율(위험의 시장가격) → 위험 1단위 증가시 pfo 기대수익률의 증가분
최적 포트폴리오의 선택 ⑴ w/ risky assets only - Optimal pfo is a pfo where an IC is tangent to the efficient set. - different risky pfos depending on the degree of risk averse(different preference or IC)
⑵ w/ risk-free asset - If people have the same expectations about security payoffs (homogeneous expectations), they will hold the same risky pfo(tangent pfo) regardless of their preferences. - two steps of decision making i) Finding out the best combination(tangent pfo) of risky securities ; → investment decision regardless risk preference ii) Finding out the best combination of risk-free asset and the risky pfo such that they maximize their utilities. → financing decision on considering risk preference ⇒ pfo separation (= Tobin's separation theorem)