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When Our Immune System Breaks Down

When Our Immune System Breaks Down. Immunopathology. Our bodies are constantly at war, under assault 24-hours a day from infection and toxins. That we survive at all, is due to our immune system,. -a network of chemicals & cells that protect the body. Primary organs of immune system:.

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When Our Immune System Breaks Down

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  1. When Our Immune System Breaks Down Immunopathology

  2. Our bodies are constantly at war, under assault 24-hours a day from infection and toxins.

  3. That we survive at all, is due to our immune system, -a network of chemicals & cells that protect the body.

  4. Primary organs of immune system: • Thymus gland • Bone marrow

  5. Secondary organs of immune system: • Lymph nodes • Spleen • Tonsils & Adenoids

  6. Main Job of the Immune System • Protects body from invasion of organisms • Protects body from own cells which may develop incorrectly and cause harm to the fine balance of the body's systems

  7. Major cells of immune system: Leukocytes: • Polymorphonuclear leukocytes(granulocytes) - active in inflammatory process • Monocytes & Macrophages - engulf and eat pathogens 7 foreign substances • Lymphocytes - B & T lymphocytes

  8. Crossing the barriers • skin • mucosal membranes

  9. If physical & chemical barrier is broken down by: • trauma • as result of infection on surface invading microorganisms can enter body, blood stream & lymphatic system.

  10. Inside the body, pathogens can find a niche in body tissue to multiply and form a colony.

  11. Normally our bodies are fit enough to fight an infection with all the parts of our immune system.

  12. Sometimes we need help fighting infection.

  13. Antibiotics are chemicals developed to help us in the fight infection.

  14. Antibiotics reduce risk of tissue damage while immune system fights off infection. • They also reduce risk of death if immune system is unsuccessful.

  15. Antibiotics are not essential and we would often win without them.

  16. The argument has been made that antibiotics are over prescribed.

  17. For minor infections with low risks we should wait for the body's own defenses.

  18. There is a protective effect of normal microorganisms which live on skin & mucosal membranes. These usually prevent other more dangerous bugs from spreading.

  19. If for example you have a course of antibiotics for an infection… • as well as killing off the harmful bacteria causing the infection, • some of the good resident microbes will die, leaving an opportunity for others to grow.

  20. Pathogens which grow under these conditions are called opportunistic pathogens.

  21. A good example of an opportunistic infection: thrush or candida Note white fungal patches under tongue

  22. This yeast-like fungus normally lives on skin, in gut & vagina in small, well-controlled numbers. After using antibiotics, fungi get a chance to multiply.

  23. Hypersensitivity Disorders

  24. Contact dermatitis http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/IMMHTML/IMM029.html

  25. Hypersensitivity-contact dermatitis http://tray.dermatology.uiowa.edu/ImageBase.html

  26. Photosensitive dermatitis http://tray.dermatology.uiowa.edu/ImageBase.html

  27. Skin reaction to insect bite. Brown Recluse Spider

  28. Poison Ivy Dermatitis http://health.discovery.com/diseasesandcond/encyclopedia/132.html

  29. Hives

  30. Allergic Welts http://www.dermatest.de/PB/Publikationen/PBEN/Allergic_skin_reactions/body_allergic_skin_reactions.html

  31. Allergic Rhinitis http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic2560.htm allergic rhinitis nose rub

  32. “allergic shiners” as result of allergic rhinitis http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic2560.htm

  33. Nasal Polyp http://www.ghorayeb.com/NasalPolyps.html

  34. http://www.ghorayeb.com/NasalPolyps.html

  35. Anaphalaxis • Hypersensitivity reaction in which antibody on mast cells quickly reacts with an antigen. • Mast cells release histamine & other mediators that lead to edema.

  36. Some causes of a hypersensitivity reaction:

  37. acute laryngeal edema due to anaphylactic reaction to penicillin http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/IMMHTML/IMM030.html

  38. Autoimmune Disorders

  39. patient with scleroderma note taunt skin and scaring at corners of mouth http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/IMMHTML/IMM024.html

  40. Sclerodactyly as result of scleroderma http://www.dermis.net/doia/diagnose.asp?zugr=d&lang=e&diagnr=710110&topic=t

  41. Lupus “butterfly rash” http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/IMMHTML/IMM009.html

  42. Another lupus “butterfly rash” Also called “malar rash”

  43. Myasthenia gravis Three different serial pictures demonstrate fatigue of eyelid muscles as patient keeps looking up. http://www.methodisthealth.com/health/nervsystem/Myasgrav.htm

  44. Rheumatoid arthritis

  45. X-ray rheumatoid arthritis http://www.vh.org/adult/provider/radiology/icmrad/skeletal/Parts/RAHands.html

  46. Jaundice of sclera from auto immune disease--primary biliary cirrhosis

  47. Immunodeficiency Disorders

  48. Kaposi’s Sarcoma-roof of mouth http://www.maxillofacialcenter.com/BondBook/softtissue/kaposi.html

  49. Kaposi’s Sarcoma http://pathsrvr.rockford.uic.edu/inet/Immune%20Disorders/Immune%20Disorders%20Station%203.htm

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