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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Plant Diversity Lesson 2 Plant Reproduction Lesson 3 Plant Processes Chapter Wrap-Up. Chapter Menu. What structures help ensure the survival of plants, and what is the function of each?. Chapter Introduction. What do you think?.

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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Plant Diversity Lesson 2 Plant Reproduction Lesson 3Plant Processes Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter Menu

  2. What structures help ensure the survival of plants, and what is the function of each? Chapter Introduction

  3. What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements. Chapter Introduction

  4. 1. Humans could survive without plants. 2. Plant cells contain the same organelles as animal cells. 3. Plants can reproduce both sexually and asexually. 4. All plants have a two-stage life cycle. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  5. 5. Plants respond to their environments. 6. Because plants make their own food, they do not carry on cellular respiration. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  6. Plant Diversity • How do a plant’s structures ensure its survival? • How are the different plant types alike and different? Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC

  7. Plant Diversity • vascular plant • gymnosperm • angiosperm • rhizoid • stoma • nonvascular plant Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab

  8. What is a plant? • A plant is a multicellular organism which is capable of producing its own food using energy from the Sun. • Like all other organisms, plants are made up of cells. Digital Vision/Getty Images Lesson 1-1

  9. What is a plant?(cont.) • A plant cell contains chloroplasts, which are organelles that make food. • Unlike an animal cell, a rigid cell wall surrounds a plant cell and helps protect and support it. • A plant cell also contains a large central vacuole. Lesson 1-1

  10. What is a plant?(cont.) • Most plants have roots, stems, and leaves. • Roots anchor a plant in the soil, enable it to grow upright, and absorb water and minerals from the soil. Lesson 1-1

  11. What is a plant?(cont.) • Some plants, such as mosses and hornworts, have rootlike structures called rhizoids. • Rhizoids are structures that anchor a plant but do not transport water and minerals. Lesson 1-1

  12. What is a plant?(cont.) • Stems help support the leaves and flowers and have tissues that help carry water and minerals to a plant’s leaves. • The two main types of stems are woody stems and herbaceous stems. Lesson 1-1

  13. What is a plant?(cont.) In most plants, leaves are the major sites for photosynthesis. Lesson 1-1

  14. What is a plant?(cont.) • The stomataare small openings in the surfaces of most plant leaves. • Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and oxygen can pass into and out of a leaf through stomata. Dr. Gerald Van Dyke/Visuals Unlimited/Getty Images Lesson 1-1

  15. What is a plant?(cont.) How do plant structures such as roots, stems, and leaves ensure a plant’s survival? Lesson 1-1

  16. Nonvascular Plants • Plants that lack specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients are nonvascular plants. • The divisions of nonvascular plants include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Lesson 1-2

  17. Vascular Seedless Plants • Vascular plants have specialized tissues, called vascular tissues, that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. • Vascular seedless plants include ferns, horsetails, and club mosses. Lesson 1-3

  18. Vascular Seed Plants • Scientists organize vascular seed plants into two groups—those that produce flowers and those that do not. • Gymnosperms are plants that produce seeds that are not part of a fruit. Lesson 1-4

  19. Vascular Seed Plants(cont.) gymnosperm from French gymnosperme, means “naked seed” Lesson 1-4

  20. Vascular Seed Plants(cont.) • The most common gymnosperms are conifers. • Conifers are usually evergreen, meaning they stay green all year. • They have needlelike or scalelike leaves and most produce cones. Siede Preis/Getty Images Lesson 1-4

  21. What is a plant?(cont.) How are the different plant types alike and different? Lesson 1-1

  22. Unlike animal cells, a plant cell has a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Lesson 1 - VS

  23. Plants have structures that help ensure their survival. • Vascular plants have specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients. Lesson 1 - VS

  24. What part of a plant anchors to the terrain, enabling it to grow upright and absorb water and minerals? A. leaves B. roots C. stems D. stomata Lesson 1 – LR1

  25. What type of plants lack specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients? A. club mosses B. nonvascular plants C. rhizoids D. vascular plants Lesson 1 – LR2

  26. What are the small openings on the surfaces of most plant leaves? A. rhizoids B. roots C. stems D. stomata Lesson 1 – LR3

  27. 1. Humans could survive without plants. 2. Plant cells contain the same organelles as animal cells. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 1 - Now

  28. Plant Reproduction • How do asexual and sexual reproduction in plants compare and contrast? • What are the differences between the life cycles of seedless and seed plants? Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC

  29. Plant Reproduction • pollination • dormancy • pistil • stamen Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab

  30. Asexual Reproduction • Asexual reproduction occurs when only one parent organism or part of that organism produces a new organism. • The new organism is genetically identical to the parent. Lesson 2-1

  31. Sexual Reproduction • During sexual reproduction, fertilization occurs when a sperm and an egg join, combining their genetic material. • Sexual reproduction produces individuals that have a different genetic makeup than the parent organism or organisms. • Both seedless plants and seed plants can reproduce sexually. Lesson 2-2

  32. Sexual Reproduction(cont.) How do asexual and sexual reproduction in plants compare and contrast? Lesson 2-2

  33. Plant Life Cycles • The two stages in the life cycle of every plant are the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage. • The gametophyte stage begins with a spore, or haploid cell. • Through mitosis and cell division, the spore produces a plant structure or an entire plant called a gametophyte. Lesson 2-3

  34. Plant Life Cycles(cont.) • When a male and a female sex cell combine, fertilization occurs and a diploid cell forms. • That diploid cell is the beginning of the sporophyte stage. • This cell divides through mitosis and cell division and forms the sporophyte. Lesson 2-3

  35. In seedless plants, spores are produced by the sporophyte. Lesson 2-3

  36. Plant Life Cycles(cont.) • Seed plants produce pollen grains, which contain sperm, and female structures, which contain one or more eggs. • The process that occurs when pollen grains land on a female plant structure of a plant of the same species is pollination. • If a sperm from a pollen grain joins with an egg, this is called fertilization. Lesson 2-4

  37. Plant Life Cycles(cont.) • The embryo is the beginning of the sporophyte stage of seed plants. • The embryo and its food supply are enclosed within a protective coat, forming a seed. • In most seed plants, the seed will go through dormancy, which is a period of no growth. Lesson 2-4

  38. Lesson 2-4

  39. Plant Life Cycles(cont.) • Most flowers have four main structures: petals, sepals, pistil, and stamen. • The petals might be brightly colored to attract insect or animal pollinators. • The sepals are usually located beneath the petals and help protect the flower when it is a bud. Lesson 2-5

  40. Plant Life Cycles(cont.) • The female reproductive organ of a flower is the pistil. • The stamen is the male reproductive organ of a flower. Lesson 2-5

  41. Plant Life Cycles(cont.) pistil from French pistil, means “female organ of a flower” Lesson 2-5

  42. The life cycle of a flowering plant includes both gametophyte and sporophyte stages. Lesson 2-5

  43. Plant Life Cycles(cont.) What are the differences between life cycles of seedless and seed plants? Lesson 2-5

  44. Plant Life Cycles(cont.) • Plants that grow from a seed and produce flowers in one growing season are called annuals. • Plants that take two growing seasons to produce flowers are known as biennials. • Perennials are plants that grow and bud for many years. Lesson 2-6

  45. There are two stages in the life cycle of every plant—the gametophyte stage and the sporophyte stage. Lesson 2 - VS

  46. Annuals, biennials, and perennials are the different growth cycles of plants. • Most seed plants produce flowers. Lesson 2 - VS

  47. What type of reproduction produces individuals that have a different genetic makeup than the parent organism or organisms? A. asexual reproduction B. fertilization C. pollination D. sexual reproduction Lesson 2 – LR1

  48. What is a period of no growth for the seed of most seed plants? A. asexual reproduction B. dormancy C. fertilization D. pollination Lesson 2 – LR2

  49. What type of plant takes two growing seasons to produce flowers? A. annual B. biennial C. perennial D. pistil Lesson 2 – LR3

  50. Do you agree or disagree? 3. Plants can reproduce both sexually and asexually. 4. All plants have a two-stage life cycle. Lesson 2 - Now

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