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Understanding Ecological Relationships: Commensalism, Competition, Mutualism, Parasitism, and Predation

This article explores five essential ecological relationships: commensalism, competition, mutualism, parasitism, and predation. Commensalism involves one organism benefiting while the other is unaffected, such as a flatworm on a horse crab. Competition describes organisms competing for resources, seen in dragonflies vying for mates. Mutualism highlights interactions where both partners benefit, like birds cleaning teeth. Parasitism reveals how a parasite exploits a host, exemplified by nematomorphs in grasshoppers. Finally, predation involves predators hunting prey, as in spiders injecting venom.

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Understanding Ecological Relationships: Commensalism, Competition, Mutualism, Parasitism, and Predation

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  1. Commensalism By JAE

  2. Commensalism • a class of relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits but the other is unaffected.

  3. Example • a flatworm attaching to the horse crab and eating the crab's food while the crab is unaffected.

  4. Competition By JAE

  5. Competition • a contest between individuals, groups, nations, animals, etc. for territory, a niche, or a location of resources.

  6. Example • Dragonflies fight to get their female.

  7. Mutualism By JAE

  8. Mutualism • the way two organisms biologically interact where each individual derives a fitness benefit

  9. Example • This picture is typical of Mutualism. The bird role of tooth pick and eat food between tooth and tooth

  10. Parasitism By JAE

  11. Parasitism • a type of symbiotic relationship between organisms of different specieswhere one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the host.

  12. Example • Nematomorph?? They lived in grasshopper or Mantis.

  13. Predation By JAE

  14. Predation • a biological interaction where a predator feeds on its prey.

  15. Spider Many species of spider inject venom into their insect prey

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