Community Capability Building for Post 9/11 Terrorism Preparedness

1. Community Capability Building for Post 9/11 Terrorism Preparedness Frances Edwards, Ph.D., CEM Director, City of San Jose OES/MMTF Vice Chair, Collaborative for Disaster Mitigation, San Jose State University

2. Honoring the Memory • Ray Downey • Jack Fanning • Chief officers of FDNY who gave their lives at the World Trade Center Command Post, September 11, 2001

3. Emergency Management Before 9/11 • 1950’s Civil Defense • 1960’s Natural disasters • 1970’s Three Mile Island • Threat analysis and risk assessment • Community education for emergency preparedness • Continuity planning for the government organization • Generally male, former military

4. Emergency Management Before 9/11 • 1980’s All Hazards • Emergency Management Institute • FEMA Independent Study courses • FEMA Professional Development Series • Professional certification - CEM • Academic centers • U Delaware • U Southern California • U Colorado, Boulder • NSF Quick Response Grants • Certificate programs in UC system

5. Emergency Management Before 9/11 • 1990’s multiple natural hazard catastrophic events • Oakland Hills Firestorm: SEMS • Hurricane Andrew: insurance surcharge, professional EM for every county • Midwest flooding: FEMA FRP & ESF’s • Northridge Earthquake: 800 number • Western flooding • Droughts

6. Terrorism • 1993 World Trade Center • 1995 Tokyo Sarin attack • 1995 Murrah Building bombing • Domestic Preparedness Program • DOD, DHHS, DOJ, FEMA, EPA, DOE • 122 largest cities – no sustainment funding • New level of knowledge: NBC weapons, medical issues • PETA • ELF • Y2K millenial, militia, Seattle/LAX

7. World Trade Center, 9/11/01 • Activated MMTF, DMATs, USARs, Search Dogs • Deployed National Pharmaceutical Stockpile • Media intensive- interviews in TV, radio, print • Elected officials’ briefings • Public presentations on preparedness:Rotary, Kiwanis, TV/Radio talk shows, educational administrators (k-12 and university) • Cross over from pure law enforcement to emergency management: MCI & crime scene

8. After 9/11: New Mission • Facilitator for cross departmental terrorism response planning • Fire, Police, EMS – original MMTF partners • Public Works, General Services, IT • Recommend security changes for public organizations: badges, CAN, new entrances, security guards

9. Capability After 9/11 • Understand the work of government departments, relationships • Work with elected officials • Appreciate the difficulty of raising revenue • Legal issues • Community: languages, ethnicities, age, wealth, educational levels, economic base

10. Capability After 9/11 • Skills • Good writing • Research ability including Internet • Critical thinking • Intellectual curiosity • Traits • Flexible personal styles • Flexible leadership styles • Sensitivity to others

11. Capability After 9/11 • Multiple relationships • Media • Government leaders • Community leaders • Community members • Inspire • Inform • Motivate

12. Who do we hire? • Traits • Enthusiasm • Stamina • Courage • Education • Broad liberal arts background: political science, public administration, journalism, social science • Competency will develop over time through experience and mentoring

13. Growing the emergency manager of the 21st century • Academics, practitioners, professional organizations • Mentoring • Internships • Student members • ASPA SECM • IAEM

14. Key to community safety • Emergency managers will never be the heroes, but they are the lynchpins that hold the community together through every disaster.

15. Speaker Contact Information • Frances Edwards-Winslow, Ph.D., CEM • Director, City of San Jose Office of Emergency Services: www.ci.san-jose.ca.us/oes/oes.htm • Director, San Jose Metropolitan Medical Task Force • 855 N. San Pedro Street, San Jose, 95110 • 408-277-4595;frances.winslow@ci.sj.ca.us