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Dr.- Ing. Rainer-Werner Abendt Nuremberg Contact: rainer.abendt@gmx.de

Wastewater Workshop in Nairobi 29-th August till 03-th September 2011. Monitoring. Dr.- Ing. Rainer-Werner Abendt Nuremberg Contact: rainer.abendt@gmx.de. Effluent Standards (emission) Water Quality Standards (imission) Education Standards: labours and academic

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Dr.- Ing. Rainer-Werner Abendt Nuremberg Contact: rainer.abendt@gmx.de

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  1. Wastewater Workshop in Nairobi 29-th August till 03-th September 2011 Monitoring Dr.- Ing. Rainer-Werner Abendt Nuremberg Contact: rainer.abendt@gmx.de

  2. Effluent Standards (emission) Water Quality Standards (imission) Education Standards: labours and academic Health and Safety Standards 1 2 Monitoring 1 2 4 3 4 3

  3. Environmental laboratory for: Self-monitoring;Industrial monitoring;Pollutans;Heavy polluters Administration: Finances; Personnel By-laws: Connection approval;Industrial monitoring;Cost covering Wastwater treatment works operation:Processes (provision under water law), maintenance, repair, sludge disposal Wastewater disposal (Discharge and treatment) Sewer construction: General drainage;Sewer network expansion; Sewer operation: Maintenance, repair, operation/control of storage space and outlets (provisions under water law) Wastwater treatment works construction:Matching structures to requirements including commissioning Monitoring

  4. Administration Planning Legal orders Financial management Accompany projects Personnel Documentation Automatic monitoring Product 1 „Clean Water" Treatment plant (Process system) Product 2 "Sludge" Maintenance secure disposal Legal orders Machine engineering Demands on the sludge Electrical engineering Laboratory Automizitation operating data Building Monitoring Evolution in sewer network:- By-laws government control Urban area Evolution of water crowd: - Sewer construction Evolution of Water quality: - Sewer operation

  5. Monitoring Demands on water quality (Europe): COD Ntot Ammonia BOD5 Suspended Solid Ptot

  6. Monitoring Mechanical Treatment (Nuremberg) Influent Air cleaner Grit to disposal Fat to digester Ferric chloride for phosphorus removal Grit to disposal Sludge to digester Mechanical Screens Grit Chamber Primary Clarifiers Influent Screw Pumps

  7. Monitoring Trickling filter Air cleaner Air Gravity Thickeners Trickling filter claryfier

  8. Monitoring Activated Sludge (BOD5) Example for pure Oxygen (high loaded) Pure Oxygen Sludge recirculation Gravity Thickeners Secondary Claryfiers Screw Pumps

  9. Monitoring 2. Activated Sludge (N) (low loaded) Pressed Air Denitrification Nitrification Recirculation Carbon Substrate Sludge recirculation Gravity Thickeners Secondary Claryfiers Activated Sludge

  10. Monitoring Suspended solid is important because: 1 mg solid matter equivalent to: 0.3 - 1.0 mg BOD5 0.8 - 1.4 mg COD 0.02 - 0.04 mg P 0.08 - 0.1 mg N

  11. Monitoring Filtration (SS, N, P) Sand Filters (down stream) Discharge of cleaned water Sludge to primary clarifiers Pressed Air Water for clean up Carbon Substrate

  12. Monitoring Lab values are required for the management and optimization.

  13. Monitoring • Treatment plant system • Analysis volume (Lab value / on line - instruments) • Evaluation means

  14. QP 34 QP 35 30 31 44 16 50 61 34 35 17 62 64 66 68 PR 10 51 52 QP 36 14 PR 1 PR 4 PR 5 PR 6 PR 7 PR 2 03 04 06 08 11 13 15 01 REC SAN 05 VKB 07 HLB 10 SLB 12 AWF 27 36 40 VOR 43 23 24 19 09 02 42 41 25 TST 26 37 38 63 39 22 32 21 53 65 wastewater 01 First input 02 Second input 03 Input mechanical screen 04 Input grit chamber 05 Output grit chamber 06 input primary clarifier VKB 07 output VKB 08 Input high loaded biology HLB 09 Raw water avoidance 10 Output secondary clarifier ZKB 11 Input low loaded biology SLB 12 Output secondary clarifier NKB 13 Input sand filter 14 Filter avoidance 15 Discharge treatment plant 16 Str.PW (AWF + EIN) 17 Str.PW (SF) 18 Special wastewater 19 Special wastewater in KW I 20 Special wastewater in B40/KW II 21 Special wastewater in SLB 22 Emergency outlet for special water 23 Withdrawal for cooling water TST 24 Return of cooling water (Ablauf) 25 Return of cooling water (VKB) 26 Water for cleaning stormwater tank RÜB 27 Emergency avoidance 20 QP 37 QP 32 QP 33 60 33 54 67 PR 3 Short cuts AWF = Sand filter B40 = Turbidity water storage BZ = Input activated sluge DHW = Special wastewater HLB = high loaded biology KW I = Treatment plant 1 KW II = Treatment plant II MP24 = Mixing sample 24 h (input proportional) NKB = Secondary clarifier PR = Sampling QP = Receiving control PW = Pumping station REC = Screener RÜB = Stormwater tank SAN = Grit chamber SEA = Sludge dewatering SF = Digester SLB = Low loaded biology SP = Random sample (8:00 Uhr) TST = Sludge dryer ÜS = Surplus VKB = Vorklärbecken VOR = mechanische Reinigung ZKB = Zwischenklärbecken 18 Gas streams 60 Air for grit chamber 61 Exhaust from grit chamber 62 Degassing in primary clarifier 63 Production of oxygen 64 Exhaust 65 Aeration BB 66 Exhaust BB 67 Scavenging aif for filters 68 Exhaust from filter Sampling (Symbols) Sampling station Sampling recipient Receiving control For balances sampling place PR_1 – Main inputPR_2 - Output VKBPR_3 – Special wastewaterPR_4 - Output VKB PR_5 - Input BZ PR_6 - Output NKB PR_7 – Output Treatment plant PR10 – Turbidity water propotioning QP32 - Substrate QP33 - Methanol QP34 – Flocculation aid QP35 – Iron saline solution QP36 – Iron saline solution QP37 - Oxygen Sludge / Solid matter 30 Surplus sludge KW II 31 Propotioning turbidity water KW I 32 Mechanical screen property 33 Grit chamber property 34 Turbidity water gravity thickener 35 Wastewater fro sludgedryer 36 Swimming matter outlet SF 37 Swimming matter outlet SF + VKB 38 Raw sludge outlet 39 Activated sludge outlet HLB 40 Activated sludge outlet SLB 41 Sludge water AWF 42 Emergency outlet VKB 43 Outlet befor screen 44 Sludge water AWF (KW II) Chemikalien 50 Iron salt pre-precipitation 51 Iron salt simultaneous precipitation 52 Flocculation matter 53 Externel Substrate 54 Esternel Substrate (Methanol) E E E E E E E Monitoring

  15. Monitoring Analysis volume (Lab value / on line - instruments) • -- Lab value • - Continuous measurements of the lab • - Measurements in the company on site

  16. Lab values Measurements in Nuremberg (2003) Edition of the inspectorate Plant operation Lab values (total) 16.179 5.998 Weekly random sample 9.880 156 (e.g. DS matter in Activated sluge tanks, Microscope picture, etc.) 24 h Mixing sample 5122 858 (e.g. Discharge monitoring COD etc. 2 h Mixing sample 5.434 390 (e.g. Discharge monitoring COD etc. Special tests 7 40 (e.g. Input, Arrangement tests to Inspectorate tests etc.) 0 290 Receiving control Monitoring

  17. Continuous measurements of the lab (2003) Edition of the inspectorate Plant operation total on line instruments 8 13,3% 52 86,7% 60 2 3,3% 0 0,0% 2 pH (con) Conductivity (con) 0 0,0% 2 3,3% 2 1 1,7% 3 5,0% 4 Temperature (con) Turbidity (con) 1 1,7% 4 6,7% 5 0 0,0% 10 16,7% 10 Dry matter value (con) Redox value (con) 0 0,0% 1 1,7% 1 0 0,0% 3 5,0% 3 UV-Extinction (con) O2 (con) 0 0,0% 1 1,7% 1 1 1,7% 10 16,7% 11 NH4-N (con) NOx-N (con) 1 1,7% 10 16,7% 11 1 1,7% 4 6,7% 5 TOC (con) 1 1,7% 0 0,0% 1 PO4-P (con) Ptot (con) 0 0,0% 4 6,7% 4 Monitoring

  18. Measurements in the company on site (May 2003) Total EIN HLB SLB AWF Labor 35 12 23 31 2 101 ( 13,1% ) Height of sludge surface Flow measurement 16 13 51 10 7 90 ( 11,7% ) Mass flow 5 3 1 0 0 9 ( 1,2% ) Weight measurement Pressure measurement 12 6 9 35 0 62 ( 8,1% ) Rev counter measurement 3 0 1 0 0 4 ( 0,5% ) Quality measurement 8 5 0 0 59 13 ( 1,7% ) Oxygen probe 0 16 30 0 1 46 ( 6,0% ) Electricity ammeter 9 31 6 4 0 197 ( 25,6% ) Switch (Pressure, 91 54 25 27 16 50 ( 6,5% ) Overcharge securing etc. Calculated values 27 21 32 27 0 197 ( 25,6% ) Total probes 206 161 178 134 85 769 (Water flow KW I) ( 26,8% ) ( 20,9% ) ( 23,1% ) ( 17,4% ) ( 11,1% ) Monitoring

  19. Monitoring Different evaluate methods • - Discussion of measure lines • - Calculated values, e.g. calculation of load, reaction rates etc. - Statistical evaluation • - Correlation of measured values • - Calculation of economy

  20. Monitoring Discussion of measure lines • - Usual working method for the observation of the plant on the process control system (real time) • - Optimization of automatic controller (on line, 1 min average off line) • - Breakdown consideration (real time, 15 min average off line) peak loads (15 min average off line) • - Year measuring lines (conzentration, load random samples, off line 24 h average sample, 8 h average, 24 h average)

  21. Monitoring Computed values, e.g. calculation of load, reaction rates etc. • - Computed values for plant optimization / rating (off line 15 min AV, 24 h AV) • - Basis for further evalation (24 h AV) • - Standardization of the biological reaction activity to DS-salary and temperature (=> reaction rate) • - Definition of order of reaction (=> Question formulation: They are available for reserves in the system section?) • - Rating for associated arrangements (15 min AV)

  22. Monitoring Statistical evaluation • - Are determined: Average (annual mean) standard deviation, 15 % und 85 % - Percentil - value for day load and concentration (basis Lab values) • - Computed values over years / values considers more than 10 years • - Occured in special cases ascertaining over Lab and on line values (temporary!) • - Computing of added curves and distributions for special question formulations (e.g. efficiency)

  23. Monitoring Correlation of measured values • - Inspection of use of comparative value (on line) for not automatized measurements; e.g.UV-probe => TOC, BOD5, COD Turbidity => FS, DS-Salary • - Estimate of cross influencing of probe measurements FS = filtrated solid; DS = dissolved solid

  24. Monitoring Calculation of economy • - Purchase of chemicals • - Definition / frame determination of operating conditions and formulation of destinations of the operating optimization • - Decision aid for construction of parts of treatment plants

  25. Monitoring

  26. Monitoring My experiences as plant manager over 30 years: The the staff needs continuous measured values those show the actual state (see table „Continuous measurements of the lab“). But the best measuring instrument is the engaged and well developed employee. He has the best remote sensing: - Nose for smell: every system section smells different. You can already recognize by odour whether the system section runs normal or there is a superload or an un-normal state. The employee can say with combined eyes where he is currently. He recognizes the place by odour.

  27. Monitoring • - Ears for noises: Machines or mobile parts cause noises if they work. You can at the noise may recognize, whether every ok is, or a damage announces itself. • Eyes for see:Is a plant in normal state?Coloring the water announces whether the activation works well or you have a superload or an un-normal state. The sludge on the water (color and crowd) tells you if the operating state is good.The microscopic picture shows whether enough oxygen is in water, etc. • Brain (Computer) for react:The employee can immediately intervene into the procedure.He can ward off dangers and costs with his experience.

  28. Monitoring Which training is required in order to appertain to a good staff?Vocational training!

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