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10. June 2011

RETRANS2 – Final Report Annex Ann-Kathrin Meinerzhagen, Eva Szczechowicz RWTH Aachen University, Germany. 10. June 2011. Table of Annexes. A1 – Acronyms A2 – References A3 – List of subsidies and incentives for EVs A4 – Pilot projects in the three regions

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10. June 2011

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  1. RETRANS2 – Final ReportAnnexAnn-Kathrin Meinerzhagen, Eva SzczechowiczRWTH Aachen University, Germany 10. June 2011

  2. Table of Annexes A1 – Acronyms A2 – References A3 – List of subsidies and incentives for EVs A4 – Pilot projects in the three regions A5 – Policies concerning EV deployment A6 – List of available EV models A7 – Standards A8 – Renewable Energy policies A9 – Expected growth in electricity sector A10 – Revenue from Ancillary services for EVs A11 – Impact of EVs on grids and production A12 – Two phase development of Co-Evolution A13 – Road infrastructure

  3. A1 Acronyms EHV: Extra High Voltage EV : Electric Vehicle GHG: Greenhouse Gas HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle ICEV: Vehicle with Internal Combustion Engine NEV: New Energy Vehicle OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer (Vehicle and Battery Manufacturers) PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle PV: Passenger Vehicle RE: Renewable Energy V2G: Vehicle to Grid VAT: Value Added Tax

  4. A2 References • ACEA • AVERE • Black & Veatch, 2010. What will be the North American energy industry’s “new normal”.http://www.bv.com/Downloads/Resources/Brochures/20101017_Webinar.pdf • www.dailyfinance.com • CANMET Energy, Electric Vehicle Technology Roadmap for Canada, 2009. http://canmetenergy-canmetenergie.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/fichier/81890/ElectricVehicleTechnologyRoadmap_e.pdf • www.chinaautoweb.com • China Electric Power Yearbook 2009, Azure International’s wind market analysis • China Electricity Yearbook • China Energy Statistic Yearbook

  5. A2 References (cont.) China Greentech Initiative, "China Greentech Initiative 2010: Cleaner Transportation Sector, Working Session #3." Beijing, China: China Greentechn Initiative, 2010. Print. CIA: The World Factbook Communauto, 2010 (press release). Communauto to offer all-electric Nissan LEAF to clients in 2011. http://www.communauto.com/communiques/2010/vehicules-electriques/index_ENG.html COWI (2011): "Kortlægning af strategier for lavenergibyggeri i EU Lande", Report for the Danish Government. Danish Commission on Climate Change (2010): Nordic Foresight Analysis, Renewable transport 2011 Danish Energy Authority. "Report on charging stations". 2011. (Danish) Danish Energy Strategy 2050, Danish Government, March 2011

  6. A2 References (cont.) Earley, Robert J., Liping Kang, Feng An, and Lucia Green-Weiskel. United Nations. Electric Vehicles in the Context of Sustainable Development in China. United Nations, 2011. Web. in press. www.eco-grid.net Electric Mobility Canada (2010): Demonstrating Electric Vehicles in Canada. Energinet.dk ENTSO-E: Factsheet 2011 Environment Canada, 2010. Canada listsemissionstargetunder the Copenhagen accord. http://www.ec.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=714D9AAE-1&news=EAF552A3-D287-4AC0-ACB8-A6FEA697ACD6 European Commission, 2009: Climate and Renewable Energy Package European Commission, 2009: Directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources

  7. References (cont.) A2 European Commission, Directorate-General for Research, Directorate H – Transport (2010): European Green Cars Initiative. Towards an electric future?. European Commission (2011): Review of European and national financing of renewable energy European Commission (2011): White Paper. Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system. European Commission (2011): Impact Assessment. Accompanying document to the White Paper. Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system. European Commission (2011): Comission Staff Working Document – Accompanying the White Paper – Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system 7

  8. A2 References (cont.) European Commission (2011): A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050. European Environment Agency (2009): Towards a resource-efficient transport system. European Environment Agency, 2007. Passenger transport by mode in passenger km per capita. http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/passenger-transport-by-mode-in-passenger-km-per-capita European Parliament & Council (2009): DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC European Parliament, Directorate-General for Internal Policies, Directorate – Industry, Research and Energy (2010): Challenges for a European Market for Electric Vehicles. European Union (2011): Energy Infrastructure. Priorities for 2020 and beyond ─ A Blueprint for an integrated European energy network

  9. References (cont.) A2 Eurostat (2010): Yearly energy statistics 2008 Finish Energy Industry (2011): Energy taxation in Europe, Japan and the United States G4V (2010) : Parameter Manual. Huang Yonghe. China Automotive Technology & Research Center. Personal Interview by Azure International. 24 Feb 2011 Hunt, T., 2011. Why electric vehicles will reduce GHG emissions. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2011/01/why-electric-vehicles-will-significantly-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions "Imbalance of Power Production and Consumption in China." Wind Energy Resource Characteristics and Development Potential. Web. 28 Feb 2011. <http://www.cwpc.cn/cwpc/en/node/6295>. Institute for Energy Research, 2011. Obama Administration Pushes Electric Vehicles. http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/34282 9

  10. A2 References (cont.) International Energy Agency (2009): Technology Roadmap. Electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. International Energy Agency (2010): RETRANS – Opportunities for the Use of Renewable Energy in Road Transport – Policy Makers Report. International Energy Agency (2011): Technology Roadmap. Smart Grids. IEA Country Statistics: http://www.iea.org/stats/electricitydata.asp?COUNTRY_CODE=DK International Monetary Fund J.D. Power and Associates (2010): Drive Green 2020: More Hope Than Reality? Jenny Gold (2009): A Modern Electric Grid: The New Highway System? For NPR: Power Hungry series. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103349614

  11. A2 References (cont.) Kempton, W.(2009): Vehicle to Grid Power. http://depsc.delaware.gov/documents/Kempton070709presentation.pdf Lai, Xiaokang. China Electric Power Research Institute. Personal Interview by the Innovation Center for Energy and Transportation. 22 Feb 2011. Lindholm, Tommy (2010): Vattenfall’s E-mobility programLu Zongxiang. Tsinghua University. Personal Interview by the Innovation Center for Energy and Transportation. 22 Feb 2011 National Centre for Advanced Transportation (2001): Electric Vehicle Project Montreal 2000. National Public Radio (2009): Special Series: Power Hungry – Reinventing the U.S. Electric Grid, Visualizing The U.S. Electric Grid. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=110997398 Natural Resources Canada, Directory of Energy Efficiency and Alternative Energy Programs in Canada, http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/policy_e/programs.cfm?

  12. References (cont.) A2 Nordic Energy Research. "Foresight Analysis – Nordic Strategies for Renewable Transport",Final Report, March 2010. Nordic System Operators (2010): http://energinet.dk/SiteCollectionDocuments/Engelske%20dokumenter/El/Wind%20report.pdf Norsk Elbilsforening Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions, Electrifying the BC Vehicle Fleet, 2009. RITA, 2006. North American Freight Transportation. http://www.bts.gov/publications/north_american_freight_transportation Sessa, C. and Enei, R. (2009): EU transport demand: Trends and drivers. ISIS, paper produced as part of contract ENV.C.3/SER/2008/ 0053 between European Commission Directorate-General Environment and AEA Technology plc. www.eutransportghg2050.eu Statistics Canada, 2000. North American Transportation Highlights. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/50-500-x/4059392-eng.htm 12

  13. References (cont.) A2 Statistics Canada, 2009. Motor vehicle registrations. http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/trade14a-eng.htm Statistics Canada, 2009. Energy Supply and Demand. Statistics Finland, 2009, http://www.tiehallinto.fi/pls/wwwedit/docs/25984.PDF Statistics Iceland TemaNord 2008:587. CO2-reductions in the transport sector in the Nordic countries, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2008. (Danish) The EV-Project: http://www.theevproject.com/ United Nations Population Division, 2003. World Urbanization Prospects.http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/peo_per_liv_in_urb_are-people-percentage-living-urban-areas United Nations. Population Division. Department of Economic and Social Affairs: World Urbanization Prospects, The 2009 revision United Nations Statistic Division: Demographic Yearbook 2008. 13

  14. References (cont.) A2 US Census Bureau, 2011. State Motor Vehicle Registrations. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/transportation/motor_vehicle_registrations_alternative_fueled_vehicles.html US Census Bureau, 2011. Population US Department of Agriculture (2005): Rural Transportation at a Glance US Department of Energy, Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency, http://www.dsireusa.org/ US Department of Energy, 2009. President Obama sets a target for cutting US GHG emissions. http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=15650 US Energy Information Administration (EIA), Electric Power Annual, http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sum.html US Energy Information Administration (2009): http://www.eia.gov/state/state-energy-profiles.cfm?sid=TX 14

  15. References (cont.) A2 University of California, Berkeley, Centre for Entrepreneurship and Technology (2009): Electric Vehicles in the United States: A New Model With Forecasts to 2030. www.volvo.com Wang Hewu. Tsinghua University. Personal Interview by Azure International. 25 Feb 2011 Wen Haiping. China Academy of Sciences. Personal Interview by the Innovation Center for Energy and Transportation. 22 Feb 2011 15

  16. A3 Subsidies and incentives for electric vehicles in Europe • European incentives: • 7th Framework Programme • Funding of research projects and their pilot fleets • Different national approaches: • Subsidies per purchase • UK, F, E, B, AU, CY • Discussed in Sweden • Tax exemptions • VAT, registration tax, annual circulation tax • Traffic privileges (UK, NL, N) • Use of bus lanes • Exemption from road tolls and ferry charges • Free parking • Fuel subsidy (NL) Taxation benefitsfor EVs in Europe Vehicletaxationlinkedtoemissions Reducedannual tax, Reducedregistrationfee, Bothannual tax andfeereduced

  17. A3 Subsidies and incentives in Europe

  18. A3 Subsidies and incentives in Europe

  19. A3 Subsidies and incentives in Europe

  20. A3 Subsidies and incentives in Nordic Countries Source: ACEA.org

  21. A3 Transport SectorGovernment incentives • Different national approaches: • Denmark and Norway have the highest registration tax on ordinary cars on more than 100 % of the value, Finland has a registration tax on around 49 % and Sweden has no registration tax. Norway and Denmark have a complete exemption for EVs from paying registration tax. • Other benefits granted to purchasers of electric vehicles include the right to drive on bus lanes, free parking in public car parks, exemption from road tolls and car ferry charges in Norway, and a reduced tax rate on electric vehicles for businesses in Sweden and Norway. Sweden has recently made this package a little less attractive.

  22. A3

  23. A3 • National and local subsidies for charging infrastructure, EV-acquisition or OEMs + non-monetary benefits • Up to ¥ 100 billion • Federal subsidies for public EV-acquisition • 3000 ¥ / kWh, max. ¥ 60,000 per BEV • Subsidies for private EVs • Federal subsidies in 5 pilot cities • Some pilot cities have local subsidies • Non-Monetary: no traffic restrictions and car license lottery in Beijing • Tax exemptions, i.e. for private EVs in Beijing

  24. A4 Pilot Projects in Europe

  25. A4 Pilot Projects in Europe

  26. A4 Pilot Projects in Europe

  27. A4 Pilot Projects in Europe

  28. A4 Overview of selected Nordic pilot projects,2010 -2012

  29. A4 Pilot projects in Denmark • € 5 million is provided by the state during a three year period to test EV's and infrastructure. The tests and pilot projects includes taxis, intelligent "refuelling" etc, • The Danish Energy Authority also finances Expert groups and studies on EV infrastructure and alternative fuels. • ChoosEV – "Europe's biggest EV-test” 2011. • Danish company owned by SydEnergi and SEAS and Sixt Danmark.  • supported by public development funds ((8,1 mio. DKR from the System Operators Research and Development Fund). • 90 Mitsubishi iMiEV Evs will be on the road in spring 2011, and 300 vehicles will be tested by more than 2000 Danish families. The project ends in June 2013. More info on www.testenelbil.dk • "Better Place" • EV's and battery changing stations • 10-20 battery changing stations is expected to be build in 2011, at the Renault Fluence can be bought for 208.000 DKR (65.000 EUR) without the battery. • The battery is part of a service agreement where a charging station is build at your house, and you rent the battery and can change it unlimited whenever you choose. The price includes electricity and current prices are from 1495 DKR/month (200 EUR) (10.000 km/year) to 2995 DKR/month.(400 EUR) for 40.000 driven kilometre per year. Delivery is set to fall 2011.

  30. A4 The Danish Edison project • EV seen as a balancing measure to enable the Danishgovernment’s energy strategy, which implies 50% wind power penetration in the electric power system. • storagedevice for smoothing power fluctuations from renewable resources (wind power ) • provide valuable system servicesfor a reliable power system operation • enablean increased share of RES in the power system for supply of the conventional electricity demand • The Edison project aims at developing system solutions and technologies for EVs and PHEV • enable a sustainable, economic and reliable energysystem • properties of EVs are utilised in a power system with substantial fluctuating renewable energy. • Prepare and provide a technical platform for Danish demonstrations of EVs with emphasis on the power system integrationaspects. • To develop standard system solutions for EVs, which are applicable globally, by utilising the Danish leading knowledge withindistributed energy resources and operation of energy systems with high wind power penetration, and thereby, release thepotential for Danish export of technology, system solutions, and knowledge. 

  31. A4 Pilot projects in Sweden, 2011: Volvo tests different kinds of renewable fuels in their Trucks, and a new Volvo C30 electric, a smaller family car, is being tested in Sweden by several Swedish families. Different regional projects for a range of renewable fuels Trucks and cars may need dual fuel and hybrid solutions if they are not only driving in the specific region using e.g. using biogas and diesel. This is both a technical and economic barrier, but Volvo and other truck providers are developing dual fuel models soon to be delivered to the market. H2 Logic A/S recently installed a mobile hydrogen refueling station in a winter test area for cars in Northern Sweden. The station is to be used during the winter by car manufacturers conducting test drives of fuel cell vehicles. In February Sweden opened its second refuelling station, and even though it is placed in the most northern and coldest area of Sweden in Arjeplog. H2 based EVs has a high advantage on range compared to normal EVs in very cold weather.

  32. A4 Pilot projects in Norway More than 3000 EVs primarily in the Oslo area, is the result of several pilot projects and commercial investments. "Statens Vejvesen", the Official Authority for road infrastructure, and the postal service in the city of Trondheim are among the public institutions that have bought a fleet of EVs. A range of initiatives on municipality level as well. National production of EVs, Think and Buddy gives at god basis for tests on a large public knowledge about the technology. Field testing of plug-in Toyota Prius in 2011. You can get 10.000 NOK as a subsidy if you put up a EV charging station in Oslo In the Oslo area a H2 infrastructure is also being implemented to serve EVs with a fuel cell.

  33. A4 Pilot projects in Finland and Iceland Iceland Implementation of H2 infrastructure for cars and H2 vehicles demonstration projects. May produce H2 for export in the future due to large availability of RE electricity based on geothermal energy. Want to be a world leading H2 vehicle demonstration facility. H2 production is based 100 % on RES. The advantage is the longer range of the cars that is needed in this large island with a small population. (Source: www.H2Logic.com) Finland Use of EVs, e.g. electric vans in the postal service, but there is only found a small number of pilot projects. Europe’s first and large factory for large lithium-ion batteries

  34. A4 RES based H2 Pilot projects Primo 2011 Hyundai, Kia Motors and key hydrogen stakeholders from the Nordic countries; Sweden, Denmark, Norway & Iceland signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the aim of collaboration towards market deployment of zero emission hydrogen powered fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). With the MoU Hyundai, Kia hopes to establish its position as one of the leading manufacturers in the global markets for FCEV's. For the Nordic countries the MoU significantly strengthen their position as one among the first regions worldwide where FCEV's are market introduced. The Embassy of Sweden and the Korean Ministry of Knowledge & Economy signed the MoU as co-witnesses at a joint signing ceremony in Seoul, Korea on the 31st of January 2011. (http://www.newenergy.is/newenergy/en/all_news)

  35. A4 BEV pilot projects in Canada:

  36. A4 PHEV pilot projects in Canada:

  37. A4 Case study: Montreal 2000 – Electric vehicle project • 24 battery electric vehicles were purchased or leased by 10 private and public organizations • 30 charging stations (public and private) were installed by Hydro Quebec (Quebec’s electricity provider) • CAN$ 2 million budget • Users were required to fill out daily logs • Objectives of the pilot project were to observe usage patterns, monitor cost-effectiveness and performance and overall user and fleet manager satisfaction. Users were also asked to participate in public information campaigns at various events

  38. A4 Case study: Montreal 2000 – Electric vehicle project • Results: • 77% of daily usage was in the range of 0 – 40 km per day • Readiness and reliability varied between 77% - 100% • Energy consumption varied considerably depending on the external conditions (temperature, road conditions, etc.) • Advantages noted by users: good acceleration, ease of driving, comfort, quiet operation, ease of use of battery charging stations • EV integration into the fleet was more successful when the EVs were assigned a specific role or purpose (rather than just general use) • EV integration into the fleet was more successful when the decision was made by the fleet manager rather than another level of management

  39. A4 Case study: Montreal 2000 – Electric vehicle project • Other outcomes: • The accreditation of a Ford dealership as the first official supplier of electric vehicles in Canada • The establishment of the first public and private EV charging infrastructure • The users in the study chose to continue to use the EVs after the termination of the study • Increased public awareness • Demonstration of feasibility and usability

  40. A4 USA case study: The EV Project • Launched in summer 2010, the EV project is the largest deployment of EVs and charge infrastructure in North America: 8300 EVs, and 15,000 charging stations in 18 cities in 6 states and Washington DC. • US Department of Energy (DOE) awarded a $115 million grant to ECOtality for a 3-year project. This was matched by corporate partners to make a total $230 million for the project. • Nissan and GM/Chevrolet are partners. Buyers of the Nissan Leaf or the Chevrolet Volt receive a residential charger installed for free. • Data collection on technology performance and potential business models is an important part of the project.

  41. A4 Business model: Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) • In September 2009, the State of Delaware signed a Bill into law that allows net metering for vehicles: • “A retail electric customer having on its premises one or more grid-integrated electric vehicles shall be credited in kWh for energy discharged to the grid from the vehicle’s battery at the same kWh rate that the customer pays to charge the battery from the grid.” –Senate Bill No.153, An Act to Amend Title 26 of the Delaware Code Relating to Customer Sited Energy Resources • The research group led by Willett Kempton at the University of Delaware has been conducting extensive research on V2G technology and its applications. • V2G trials and pilot projects: • California: Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) was the first company to demonstrate V2G technology with a converted Toyota Prius. In 2007 it helped Google convert six of their company vehicles to participate in a V2G trial. • Colorado: Xcel Energy, as a part of its SmartGridCity program, is conducting a trial with 6 vehicles in the first phase, followed by 60 vehicles in the second phase.

  42. A4 Business model case study UC Berkeley • UC Berkeley Centre for Entrepreneurship and Technology economic forecast model • Used an economic model to predict the outcome of the implementation of new business model for electric vehicles: switchable batteries with a pay-per-mile service contract. • Network operators offer electric vehicle users pay-per-mile contracts that finance the car batteries as well as a charging and battery-switching infrastructure. This improves the traditional barriers facing electric vehicles: high charging time and low range. • Results of the analysis indicated that in 2030: • 64% of light-duty vehicle purchases would be for electric vehicles and 24% of the light-duty vehicle fleet would be electric; • 130,000 – 350,000 jobs would be created; • Oil imports reduced by 18% - 38%

  43. Annex: details of five selected pilot cities Beijing Shanghai Shenzhen Changchun Chongqing A4 Changchun Beijing Shanghai Chongqing Shenzhen

  44. Beijing (included in 25 public EV pilot cities, not included in 5 private EV purchase subsidy cities) A4 • Number of EV, target and current • 1000 NEVs were delivered and utilized in Beijing in 2009, with an additional 1050 expected to be on the market in 2010. The most recent target is to have 5,000 NEV by 2012. • The city plans to develop 1000, 5000 and 24000 Evs in 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively. Among the total 30000 EVS, 23000 will be pure EV and 7000 will be PHEV. • Subsidies • Beijing was not included in the first batch of pilot cities where consumers could receive up to ¥ 60000 subsidies for each EV purchase, but Beijing government plans to give the same amount of subsidies to the consumers. The government plans to give a total of ¥ 1.73 billion subsidies. If Beijing is included in the national subsidy program, the consumers could get up to ¥ 120000 for each EV purchase. • Beijing government will provide subsidies of no more than 30% construction investment to charging stations. • Investment • In 2009, total funding from the local government for EV and HEV reached ¥ 550 million, which is already in place.

  45. Infrastructure/Charging Station Beijing plans to build 36000 slow charging poles in 3 years, to reach 1.2 poles for each EV on average. It also plans to build 100 fast charging stations, and one battery swapping station. One charging/swapping station has finished construction, with four others in pipeline. Besides charging systems, Beijing is also planning to build two battery recycling stations, ten repair and maintenance service centers, and two information collection and process stations. It is also in the way of founding a Beijing EV Operation Company to promote EV pilot program. Major Auto Manufacturers involved in EV One major goal is to establish an EV manufacturing zone in Daxing. Foton, one of the biggest auto manufacturers, has prepared with an investment of ¥ 5 billion. Beijing Automobile Works: have produced 50 electric taxi, and finished R&D for 2ton, 8ton and 16ton electric sanitation vehicles. Foton: have mass produced 1060 electric sanitation vehicles. Renewable Energy Beijing is part of the Huabei grid, linked to Inner Mongolia and Northeast grid and potentially linked to the Northwest grid. These regions continue to develop wind power. Beijing (included in 25 public EV pilot cities, not included in 5 private EV purchase subsidy cities) A4

  46. Shanghai (included in 25 public EV pilot cities, included in 5 private EV purchase subsidy cities) A4 • Number of EV, target and current • Shanghai government set target to reach 20,000 private EV purchase by the end of 2012. • For public EV, Shanghai plans to have 19000 pure electric buses (30 routes) and 1000 PHEVs, 3000 of them will be promoted by renting (2600 pure EV and 400 PHEV). • Shanghai expects to have 100k NEV annual manufacturing capacity by 2012, with 60k of them being electric cars. In that case, the annual production value of EV will be about ¥ 30 billion, with 20 billion being that of electric cars. • Subsidies • National subsidies: for plug-in vehicles, a subsidy of maximum ¥ 50,000 will be given. For battery EV, a subsidy of maximum ¥ 60,000 will be available. • Besides the national subsidies, Shanghai government will give another ¥ 20k subsidies to private PHEV purchase, and ¥ 40-50k to private pure EV purchase. • Shanghai government will also give subsidies to charging stations developers, of no more than 20% of the construction investment and no more than ¥ 3 million. It will give discount loan to any company who develops NEV power battery renting services. Subsidies will also be given to companies for EV after-sales service.

  47. Infrastructure/Charging Station As part of the smart grid agreement between the Shanghai government and State Grid, the grid company has installed 6 charging stations in Shanghai. Shanghai expects to have 25000 charging poles and 50 charging/battery swapping stations by 2012. Major Auto Manufacturers involved in EV Shanghai Volksagen Shang GM Saic Group Renewable Energy The city is connected to the Huadong grid. As part of State Grid’s plan, significant amount of wind electricity generated in Inner Mongolia will be transmitted to Huadong grid. Jiangsu, one of the 7 wind bases, will also be able to supply Shanghai with electricity generated from wind, particularly from offshore wind resources. Shanghai (included in 25 public EV pilot cities, included in 5 private EV purchase subsidy cities) A4

  48. Shenzhen(included in 25 public EV pilot cities, included in 5 private EV purchase subsidy cities) A4 • Number of EV, target and current • Currently has 101 HEV buses in use. According to the “Program for the Promotion of the Demonstration and Implementation of Energy Conservation and New Energy Projects in Shenzhen,” by 2012 there should be 24,000 NEVs for public and private uses. • Shenzhen hopes to reach 25000 private EV purchase target by the end of 2012. By 2015, the cumulative number promoted EV use is expected to reach 100k. • Subsidies • National subsidies: ¥ 50,000 for plug-in vehicles; ¥ 60,000 for battery EV. • Shenzhen government will give another ¥ 30k or 60k subsidies to every HEV and pure EV purchase. • Local vehicle manufacturer BYD’s F2DM and E6 vehicles will get ¥ 89k and ¥ 129k subsidies respectively. • Investment • The local government has invested more than ¥ 2 billion in developing NEVs, which includes private cars.

  49. Infrastructure/Charging Station As of June 2010, Shenzhen launched the first city-level EV charging stations in China. Shenzhen plans to have 50 e-bus charging stations, 2500 officer’s EV charging poles, 200 public charging stations and 10000 charging poles by the end of 2012. Major Auto Manufacturers involved in EV BYD Wuzhoulong Motors Shenzhen(included in 25 public EV pilot cities, included in 5 private EV purchase subsidy cities) A4

  50. Changchun(included in 25 public EV pilot cities, included in 5 private EV purchase subsidy cities) A4 • Number of EV, target and current • As of the beginning of 2010, Changchun had introduced 100 HEVs in 6 bus routes. The city expects to have 1000 new energy buses in place by 2012. • Changchun government will promote EV use in two ways: whole vehicle renting, and vehicle (without batteries) selling and battery renting. • Subsidies • National subsidies: for plug-in vehicles, a subsidy of ¥ 50,000. For battery EV, a subsidy of ¥ 60,000 • The local subsidy for Evs is about ¥ 40k for each purchase, with no much differentiation between pure EVs and HEVs. • Investment • The local government has invested more than ¥ 2 billion in developing NEVs, which includes private cars. • Infrastructure/Charging Station • 15 charging stations and 5,000 charging spots by 2013. • Major Auto Manufacturers involved in EV • First Automobile Work (FAW)

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