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The Expressive Performance of Five Traditional Chinese Flutes

Discover the enchanting sounds of five traditional Chinese flutes, each with unique characteristics. Experience the Xiao, an elegant end-blown bamboo flute; the Paixiao, an ancient ensemble of tubes; the Xun, a clay vessel flute with a history over 6,700 years; the Koudi, a lively whistle creating bird-like sounds; and the Dizi, known for its bright timbre and versatile fingerings. Explore compositions and performances showcasing these instruments, including the Happy Song and Dreaming of Ancestors, capturing the rich heritage of Chinese music.

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The Expressive Performance of Five Traditional Chinese Flutes

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  1. Expressive Performance of Five Chinese Flutes Lydia Ayers

  2. Instruments • Xiao: end-blown notched bamboo flute with five frontal finger holes • Paixiao: 11 to 22 stopped tubes paixiao

  3. Instruments • Xun: clay or porcelain vessel flute and one of the oldest Chinese instruments (at least 6,700 years old) • Koudi: a small, flute-like whistle, frequently used to make flamboyant bird-like sounds

  4. Di / Dizi

  5. Di / Dizi • Wrinkled membrane over one hole produces bright timbre

  6. Di / Dizi • Each dizi in one major key

  7. Di / Dizi Fingerings • Straightforward for pitches in the major scale • Other pitches require half hole fingerings, which are especially difficult on small flutes Fingering for #5

  8. Chinese Cipher Notation • 1 = D, sounds 8va • The Key and Time Signatures

  9. Lu Chun Ling: Huang Le Ge (Happy Song) Example 1: Grace Notes in Measures 8-9 Chinese Notation escape note grace note tonic daiyin Transcription

  10. Musical Examples • Red crane bone flute: Xiao Bai Cai (Little Cabbage) http://www.pubaf.bnl.gov/pr/bnlpr092299.html • Paixiao: Qian Zhaoxi: Feng Xia Kong (Descending Phoenix) • Xiao: Zhuang Tai Qiu Si (Autumn Reflection at the Dressing Table)excerpt performed on dizi by Yu Xun-Fa, accompanied by zheng • Xiao: Zhuang Tai Qiu Si (Autumn Reflection at the Dressing Table)excerpt performed on dizi by Chan Hung-Yan, accompanied by zheng

  11. Musical Examples • Dizi in D: Lu Chun Ling: Huang Le Ge (Happy Song) • Glad Tidings Version • Art of Lu Chun-Ling Version • Chan Chun-Nin’s Version (personal recording) • Magic Flutist Lu Chun-Ling Version • Xun: Liu Hongjun: Xianren aisi (Dreaming of Ancestors)

  12. Musical Examples • Koudi: Bai Chengren: Miao Ling Di Zao Chen (Morning in Miao Mountain) • Dizi in F: Li Da Tong: Pa Mi Er Di ChunTian (Spring in the Pamirs)

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