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A Century of Expansion

A Century of Expansion. “ The Realization of America ’ s Destiny ” : 1763-1867. Before Independence. Britain wins the French & Indian War Colonial expansion restricted by the Proclamation Line of 1763. Gains of the Revolutionary War. Treaty of Paris - 1783

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A Century of Expansion

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  1. A Century of Expansion “The Realization of America’s Destiny”: 1763-1867

  2. Before Independence • Britain wins the French & Indian War • Colonial expansion restricted by the Proclamation Line of 1763

  3. Gains of the Revolutionary War • Treaty of Paris - 1783 • Living space from Appalachians west to the Mississippi River • Eases population pressure on the Atlantic seaboard

  4. Northwest Ordinance (1787) • The following three principal provisions were ordained in the document: • (1) a division of the Northwest Territory into "not less than three nor more than five States"; • (2) a three-stage method for admitting a new state to the Union—with a congressionally appointed governor, secretary, and three judges to rule in the first phase; an elected assembly and one nonvoting delegate to Congress to be elected in the second phase, when the population of the territory reached "five thousand free male inhabitants of full age"; and a state constitution to be drafted and membership to the Union to be requested in the third phase when the population reached 60,000; • (3) a bill of rights protecting religious freedom, the right to a writ of habeas corpus, the benefit of trial by jury, and other individual rights. In addition the ordinance encouraged education and forbade slavery.

  5. Implication of Northwest Ordinance • What happens after the Louisiana Purchase when the number of possible states will increase? • How will the interests of the slave holding and non-slave holding states be balanced? • What rights to the Native Americans hold under this ordinance?

  6. The Louisiana Purchase Napoleon and France did not hold onto it for long!

  7. The Louisiana Purchase • In 1803 President Jefferson just wanted New Orleans. • Sec. of State Madison got all 900,000 acres for $15 million.

  8. The Louisiana Purchase Was the purchase legal? What did we just buy? Lewis and Clark Expedition – The Corp of Discovery (Stephen Ambrose – Undaunted Courage)

  9. Lewis & Clark / Corp of Discovery • Lewis & Clark expedition reaches the Pacific Ocean • Which nations might be concerned by U.S. expansion/encroachment?

  10. Unfinished Business in Florida • Spain - weakened and distracted by revolution • Seminole Indians rise up against settlers • General Andrew Jackson invades in 1818 and defeats the Seminole Natives • Transcontinental Treaty (Adams-Onis) 1819

  11. Missouri Compromise - 1820 • Need arises because of the slavery issue

  12. Missouri Compromise - 1820 Missouri added as a slave state Maine added as a free state Will new latitude boundary be enforced? Issue of slavery temporarily solved

  13. Don’t Mess with Texas:Independence & the Mexican-American War • Mexico gains freedom from Spain - 1821 • Stephen F. Austin founds the colony of Texas – 1822 • Texas War for Independence 1835-6

  14. Don’t Mess with Texas:Independence & the Mexican-American War -Annexation of Texas: 1845 -President James K. Polk defends U.S. actions & interests -Mexican-American War: 1846-8 -The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

  15. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) • The land that the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo brought into the United States became, between 1850 and 1912, all or part of ten states: California (1850),Nevada (1864), Utah (1896), and Arizona (1912),  Texas (1845) that then included partsKansas (1861), Colorado (1876), Wyoming (1890), Oklahoma (1907), and New Mexico (1912). 

  16. Gadsden Purchase: 1853 • 30,000 sq. miles for $10 million • Done primarily for mining & railroad interests

  17. Oregon Country: Claiming the Northwest Territories • American interest grows after Lewis & Clark expedition • 2,000 mile journey on the Oregon Trail to get there

  18. Oregon Country: Claiming the Northwest Territories • American settlers want land as far north as possible • 54-40’ or Fight argument led by James Polk • Agreement with Britain reached at 49th Parallel

  19. Alaska: 1867 Seward’s Folly?

  20. Closing of the American Frontier Quirky History: The “LOST STATES” How would the closing of the frontier affect America? What is the significance of the frontier on American history?

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