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Internal Political Problems

Internal Political Problems. Page 92. Internal political problems. What political problems arose in United Canada in the late 1850s What possible solution was considered?. The five colonies. Canada (East and West) Nova Scotia New Brunswick Prince Edward Island Newfoundland. Governments.

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Internal Political Problems

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  1. Internal Political Problems Page 92

  2. Internal political problems • What political problems arose in United Canada in the late 1850s • What possible solution was considered?

  3. The five colonies • Canada (East and West) • Nova Scotia • New Brunswick • Prince Edward Island • Newfoundland

  4. Governments • Each had a similar responsible government. • Governor • Legislative Council • Legislative assembly

  5. CanadaPolitical deadlock • From 1854 to 1864 Canada had ten governments.

  6. Parties • Canada EastParti RougeAntoine-Aime Dorion • Wanted Quebec to be a French provinceAbolish tithes Take over the schools

  7. Parties • Canada West Clear GritsGeorge Brown • Wanted the land held by the Hudson's Bay CompanyNon denominational schoolsReduce French in Government

  8. The BluesTories Liberals • John A McDonald Canada westGeorge Etienne Cartier Canada east • Moderates

  9. Population and representation • Up until 1850 Canada east had a greater population than Canada East. Yet they both elected 42 members to the assembly. • Once Canada west had a greater population they demanded “Rep by Pop”

  10. There was a desire to separate the two Canada's • The separated Maritimes were considering a union

  11. HwPage 92 and 93

  12. Economic problems Page 94

  13. Economic problems • Markets for Canadian products were poor • No preferential treatment from Britain • No reciprocity treaty from the USA

  14. Economic Problems • Iron and steel were replacing Canadian lumber • Long lines, but great stretches without customers

  15. Economic Problems • Land scarcity and poor yields • Many farmers left for the USA

  16. Economic Solutions • Form an economic union of the colonies • Use a railway to join the colonies • This would create a large protected home market and transportation for the goods within the market

  17. Questions on Page 94

  18. Fears of American Expansion

  19. Fears of American Expansion Page 95

  20. Fears of American Expansion • 1861-1865 American Civil War • At the end of the war American had 400,000 well trained troops • Canada had less than 20,000 soldiers

  21. Manifest destiny • Many Americans believed the USA should control all of North America. • Real concern the Americans would move into the western lands of Canada

  22. Fenians Raids 1866 • Irish Catholics in the USA • Wanted independence of Ireland • The plan was to capture portions of Canada and then trade the lands back to Britain for the lands in Ireland • 1000 Fenians attacked

  23. Britain • It was clear that Britain would not spend money protecting Canada.

  24. US President Andrew Johnson • If the Fenians are successful I will support them.

  25. The Charlottetown Conference

  26. The Charlottetown Conference Page 96

  27. Political Problem • Canada was hard to govern because of political deadlock.

  28. The Great Coalition • In 1864 George Brown proposed a coalition with John A McDonald and George Etienne Cartier.

  29. Mother of Confederation • Mrs. Brown

  30. The Charlottetown Conference • 1864 representatives of the New Brunswick, PEI and Nova Scotia were meeting to discuss their union

  31. The Charlottetown Conference • United Canada asked to join the meeting. • The discussed the possibility of a larger union and to meet again in Quebec city

  32. The Quebec Conference1864

  33. The Quebec Conference1864 • Discussed how a federal union would operate (72 resolutions) • Assembly elected based on “rep by pop”

  34. The Quebec Conference1864 • A railway would link the colonies • Delegates returned to get approval

  35. Page 97 questions

  36. Local Reactions Page 97

  37. Local Reactions • Newfoundland and PEI withdrewthey would not be served by a railway and would be taxed to pay for it.

  38. Local Reactions • New Brunswick Charles TupperFaced a lot of opposition but passed.

  39. Local Reactions • Canada East (Quebec)Dorion rejected the idea because it gave too much power to the English. • Cartier argued that the French would be a majority in the provincial assembly • English were concerned about losing language rights

  40. Local Reactions • Canada WestFavored confederationRep by pop gave them a majority • Markets would increase • Other provinces would help pay for the railway

  41. The London Conference

  42. The London Conference • England 1867 • Created the dominion of Canada • Capital Ottawa • Denominational education guaranteed • Division of powers agreed upon

  43. Brown and McDonald • Pea shooter

  44. The British North America ActBNA act • Canada became a country in 1867 • Ontario • Quebec • New Brunswick • Nova Scotia

  45. Question • Items in parliament are discussed in descending order of importance. • Which item preceded the creation of Canada in the British parliament?

  46. Answer • The new price of a dogs license

  47. Questions on page 97

  48. The division of powers Page 98

  49. Types of States • Unitary stateOne government that makes laws for the entire country. • Central decision making • Britain, France, Japan

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