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Current trends in library resource management, discovery, and resource sharing

Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding. Current trends in library resource management, discovery, and resource sharing. 25 February 2015.

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Current trends in library resource management, discovery, and resource sharing

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  1. Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding Current trends in library resource management, discovery, and resource sharing 25 February 2015 Open Session for JULAC personnel

  2. Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

  3. Traditional model of Automation • Single Library System • Includes branches or divisional facilities • Automation strategies often set when capabilities of automation systems were limited • Institutional solo of collection management

  4. Academic Libraries need a new model of library management • Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System • The ILS/LMSwas designed to help libraries manage print collections • Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections • Other library automation products evolved: • Electronic Resource Management Systems – OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories

  5. Policies $$$ Funds BIB Vendor Holding / Items CircTransact User Integrated (for print) Library System Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog BusinessLogic DataStores

  6. Fragmented Library Management • LMS for management of (mostly) print • Duplicative financial systems between library and local government or other parent organization • E-book lending platform (multiple?) • Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) • Self-service and AMH infrastructure • Electronic Resource Management • PC Scheduling and print management • Event scheduling • Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) • Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections • No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

  7. Policies LicenseTerms BIB Vendors Holding / Items CircTransact User Vendor E-JournalTitles $$$ Funds LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: ` Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog E-resourceProcurement LicenseManagement Protocols: CORE

  8. BIB Holding / Items CircTransact User Vendor Policies $$$ Funds Common approach for ERM Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Budget License Terms Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog Titles / Holdings Vendors Access Details

  9. Comprehensive Resource Management • No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials • ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model • Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows • Support for management of metadata in bulk • Continuous lifecycle chain initiated before publication

  10. Almost no systematic automation support for references and research services Customer Relationship Management? Resource sharing / Interlibrary loan management Collection development support Gaps in Automation

  11. Library Services Platform • Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services • Services • Service oriented architecture • Exposes Web services and other API’s • Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users • Platform • General infrastructure for library automation • Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service • Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

  12. Library Services Platform Characteristics • Highly Shared data models • Knowledgebase architecture • Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local data stores • Delivered through software as a service • Multi-tenant • Unified workflows across formats and media • Flexible metadata management • MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX • Bibframe • New structures not yet invented • Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability

  13. New Library Management Model Unified Presentation Layer Search: Self-Check /Automated Return Library Services Platform ` Digital Coll Consolidated index Search Engine Discovery Service ProQuest API Layer StockManagement EBSCO … Enterprise ResourcePlanning Smart Cad / Payment systems JSTOR LearningManagement AuthenticationService Other Resources

  14. Library Services Platforms

  15. Library Services Platforms

  16. Open Systems • Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies • Libraries need to do more with their data • Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies • Demand for Interoperability • Open source – full access to internal program of the application • Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

  17. Moving legacy systems to hosted services provides some savings to individual institutions but does not result in dramatic transformation Globally shared data and metadata models have the potential to achieve new levels of operational efficiencies and more powerful discovery and automation scenarios that improve the position of libraries overall. Leveraging the Cloud

  18. Competing Models of Library Automation • Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS • Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris, • BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se • LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II, Talis Alto, OpenGalaxy • Traditional Open Source ILS • Evergreen, Koha • New generation Library Services Platforms • Ex Libris Alma • Kuali OLE (Enterprise, not cloud) • OCLC WorldShare Management Services, • Serials Solutions Intota • Innovative Interfaces Sierra (evolving)

  19. Changing models of Resource Sharing

  20. Integrated Library System Branch 6 Branch 5 Branch 4 Branch 8 Branch 2 Branch 1 Branch 7 Branch 3 Main Facility Search: Holdings Patrons useCirculation featuresto request itemsfrom other branches Model: Multi-branchIndependentLibrary System Floating Collectionsmay reduce workload for Inter-branchtransfers BibliographicDatabase Library System

  21. Library Consortia • Groups of libraries want to work together to share an automation system • Number of participants limited by the perceived capacities of the automation system

  22. Consortial Borrowing Systems • Each library system operates its own automation environment • Relies on manual and automated processes to allow patrons to discovery and request materials among participants • INN-Reach (Innovative Interfaces) • ShareIT (Auto-Graphics) • Relais ILL • URSA (SirsiDynix, now defunct)

  23. Consortial Resource Sharing System Resource Sharing Application Branch 5 Branch 7 Branch 3 Branch 2 Branch 1 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 8 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Branch 4 Branch 7 Branch 5 Branch 4 Branch 3 Branch 1 Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 6 Branch 3 Branch 6 Branch 8 Branch 2 Branch 6 Branch 7 Branch 8 Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 3 Branch 7 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 8 Branch 1 Branch 2 Branch 6 Branch 4 Branch 5 Branch 4 Branch 3 Branch 2 Branch 1 Branch 3 Branch 7 Branch 6 Branch 5 Branch 8 Main Facility Main Facility Main Facility Main Facility Main Facility Main Facility Discovery and Request Management Routines Search: NCIP NCIP Holdings Holdings Holdings Holdings Holdings Holdings NCIP NCIP BibliographicDatabase BibliographicDatabase BibliographicDatabase BibliographicDatabase BibliographicDatabase BibliographicDatabase BibliographicDatabase Inter-System Communications NCIP SIP ISO ILL Z39.50 Staff Fulfillment Tools Library System D Library System E Library System A Library System C Library System B Library System F NCIP NCIP

  24. Shared Infrastructure • Common discovery • Retention of local automation systems • Technical complex with moderate operational benefits • Common discovery + Resource Management Systems • Shared Resource management with local discovery options

  25. Shared Consortial ILS Library 6 Library 1 Library 8 Library 7 Library 10 Library 4 Library 3 Library 2 Library 9 Library 5 Search: Holdings ILS configured To support Direct consortial Borrowing throughCirculation Module Model: Multipleindependentlibraries in a Consortium Share an ILS BibliographicDatabase Shared Consortia System

  26. Progressive consolidation of library services • Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus • Resource sharing support • Direct borrowing among partner institutions • Shared infrastructure between institutions • Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University / Cornell University) • Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

  27. The Evolution of Library Resource Discovery

  28. Challenge: More integrated approach to information and service delivery • Library Web sites offer a menu of unconnected silos: • Books: Library OPAC (ILS online catalog module) • Search the Web site • Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections • OpenURL linking services • E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) • Subject guides (e.g. SpringshareLibGuides) • Local digital collections • ETDs, photos, rich media collections • Metasearch engines • Discovery Services – often just another choice among many • All searched separately

  29. ILS Data Online Catalog Search: Scope of Search • Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level • Not in scope: • Articles • Book Chapters • Digital objects • Web site content • Etc. Search Results

  30. Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface (2002-2009) • Single search box • Query tools • Did you mean • Type-ahead • Relevance ranked results (for some content sources) • Faceted navigation • Enhanced visual displays • Cover art • Summaries, reviews, • Recommendation services

  31. Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface • Single search box • Query tools • Did you mean • Type-ahead • Relevance ranked results • Faceted navigation • Enhanced visual displays • Cover art • Summaries, reviews, • Recommendation services • Scope of Search • Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level • Other local and open access content • Not in scope: • Articles • Book Chapters • Digital objects

  32. Discovery Interface search model ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Local Index ProQuest Search Results EBSCOhost Metasearch Engine … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses

  33. Discovery from Local to Web-scale • Initial products focused on technology • AquaBrowser, Endeca,Primo, Encore, VuFind, • LIBERO Uno, Civica Sorcer, Axiell Arena • Mostly locally-installed software • Current phase is focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery • Primo Central (Ex Libris) • Summon (Serials Solutions) • WorldCat Local (OCLC) • EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) • Encore Synergy (no index, though)

  34. Web-scale Index-based Discovery ILS Data (2009- present) Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Search Results Aggregated Content packages Consolidated Index Profile of Library Subscriptions Open Access … E-Journals CustomerProfile Usage-generatedData Reference Sources Pre-built harvesting and indexing

  35. Bento Box Discovery Model Aggregated Content packages Search: Open Access ILS Data VuFind / Blacklight E-Journals Consolidated Index Search Results Web Site Content Digital Collections Institutional Repositories Pre-built harvesting and indexing

  36. Web-scale Search Problem ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Consolidated Index Aggregated Content packages Search Results … E-Journals Pre-built harvesting and indexing ??? Non Participating Content Sources Problem in how to deal with resources not provided to ingest into consolidated index

  37. Challenge for Relevancy • Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR • Difficult to order records in ways that make sense • Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query • Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings

  38. Evaluating Index-based Discovery Services • Intense competition: how well the index covers the body of scholarly content stands as a key differentiator • Difficult to evaluate based on numbers of items indexed alone. • Important to ascertain now your library’s content packages are represented by the discovery service. • Important to know what items are indexed by citation and which are full text • Important to know whether the discovery service favors the content of any given publisher

  39. Open Discovery Initiative • NISO Work Group to Develop Standards and Recommended Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on Indexed Search • Informal meeting called at ALA Annual 2011 • Co-Chaired by Marshall Breeding and Jenny Walker • Term: Dec 2011 – March 2014

  40. Balance of Constituents Marshall Breeding, Vanderbilt UniversityJamene Brooks-Kieffer, Kansas State University Laura Morse, Harvard University Ken Varnum, University of Michigan Sara Brownmiller, University of Oregon Lucy Harrison, College Center for Library Automation (D2D liaison/observer) Michele Newberry Lettie Conrad, SAGE PublicationsBeth LaPensee, ITHAKA/JSTOR/PorticoJeff Lang, Thomson Reuters Linda Beebe, American Psychological AssocAaron Wood, Alexander Street Press Jenny Walker, Ex Libris GroupJohn Law, Serials SolutionsMichael Gorrell, EBSCO Information Services David Lindahl, University of Rochester (XC) Jeff Penka, OCLC (D2D liaison/observer)

  41. Convergence • Discovery and Management solutions will increasingly be implemented as matched sets • Ex Libris: Primo / Alma • Serials Solutions: Summon / Intota • OCLC: WorldCat Local / WorldShare Platform • Except: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service • Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases • API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost

  42. Web-scale Search Problem ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Consolidated Index Aggregated Content packages Search Results … E-Journals Pre-built harvesting and indexing ??? Non Participating Content Sources Problem in how to deal with resources not provided to ingest into consolidated index

  43. Citations / Metadata > Full Text • Citations or structured metadata provide key data to power search & retrieval and faceted navigation • Indexing Full-text of content amplifies access • Important to understand depth indexing • Currency, dates covered, full-text or citation • Many other factors

  44. A&I Content in Discovery Services • Will discovery services eventually become powerful enough to displace need for abstracting and indexing services? • Specialized vocabulary and other metadata make positive contributions to the discovery process • Specialized and scoped search methodologies • Researchers value this tools

  45. Challenge for Relevancy • Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR • Difficult to order records in ways that make sense • Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query • Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings • Objectivity: Does relevancy reflect bias or publisher preferences

  46. Socially-powered discovery • Leverage use data to increase effectiveness of discovery • Usage data can identify important or popular materials to inform relevancy engines • Identify related materials that may not otherwise be uncovered through keyword matching • Be careful to avoid introducing bias loops

  47. Challenges for Collection Coverage • To work effectively, discovery services need to cover comprehensively the body of content represented in library collections • What about publishers that do not participate? • Is content indexed at the citation or full-text level? • What are the restrictions for non-authenticated users? • How can libraries understand the differences in coverage among competing services?

  48. Evaluating the Coverage of Index-based Discovery Services • Intense competition: how well the index covers the body of scholarly content stands as a key differentiator • Difficult to evaluate based on numbers of items indexed alone. • Important to ascertain now your library’s content packages are represented by the discovery service. • Important to know what items are indexed by citation and which are full text • Important to know whether the discovery service favors the content of any given publisher

  49. Open Discovery Initiative • NISO Work Group to Develop Standards and Recommended Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on Indexed Search • Informal meeting called at ALA Annual 2011 • Co-Chaired by Marshall Breeding and Jenny Walker • Term: Dec 2011 – March 2014 http://www.niso.org/workrooms/odi/

  50. Balance of Constituents Marshall Breeding, Vanderbilt UniversityJamene Brooks-Kieffer, Kansas State University Laura Morse, Harvard University Ken Varnum, University of Michigan Sara Brownmiller, University of Oregon Lucy Harrison, College Center for Library Automation (D2D liaison/observer) Michele Newberry Lettie Conrad, SAGE PublicationsRoger Schonfeld, ITHAKA/JSTOR/PorticoJeff Lang, Thomson Reuters Linda Beebe, American Psychological AssocAaron Wood, Alexander Street Press Jenny Walker, Ex Libris GroupJohn Law, Serials SolutionsMichael Gorrell, EBSCO Information Services David Lindahl, University of Rochester (XC) Jeff Penka, OCLC (D2D liaison/observer)

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