1. Chapter 1Information Systems Lecture 1 Data, Information and Decisions

2. Data and Information • Historical trends • Information – definition • information is data processed for a purpose • Processing data • categories of data processing (see next slide)

3. Data and Information

4. Decisions – Cognitive Style and Background • Decision making style • Analytical • Intuitive • Information absorption style • Detailed • Holistic • Background

5. Decisions – Cognitive Style and Background (Continued) Figure 1.2Four cognitive styles for absorbing information and taking decisions

6. A Model of Decision Making –Simon’s Model • Intelligence • Design • Choice • Implementation

7. Decisions – Simon’s Model of Decision Making Figure 1.3Stages in making a decision

8. Levels of Managerial Decision Taking • Strategic planning • Tactical planning and control • Operational planning and control

9. Levels of Managerial Decision Taking (Continued) Figure 1.4 Information characteristics for managerial decisions

10. The Structure of Decisions • Unstructured • Semi-structured • Structured

11. The value of Information • Quantifiable value • Non-quantifiable value • Intelligence • information collected for background understanding • Cost–benefit analysis • to establish project viability

12. Chapter 1Information Systems Lecture 2 Systems and Management Information Systems

13. The Idea of a System • Definition • A collection of interrelated parts that taken together forms a whole such that: • the collection has some purpose; • a change in any of the parts leads to or results from a change in some other part(s). • Characteristics • inputs, outputs, processes, storage

14. Characteristics of Systems • Systems objectives • objective(s) • measure of performance • Inputs and outputs of a system • one system’s output is another’s input • Systems environment • Boundary • Open and closed systems

15. Systems Connected by Inputs and Outputs Figure 1.7Systems connected by inputs and outputs

16. Subsystems and Systems Hierarchies Figure 1.8Hierarchical relations between subsystems in a manufacturing organization

17. Subsystems Decoupling • Degree of coupling • highly coupled, decoupled • buffer • slack capacity • Total systems approach • Control • feedback, feedforward

18. Management Information Systems • Drivers • cost, speed, interaction, flexibility • Databases Figure 1.16Business information support systems (alternative terminology)

19. Management Information Systems As a Collection of Subsystems (a) (b) Figure 1.18The relation between the data-processing and management information systems

20. Management Information Systems • MIS as a collection of subsystems • Design of MIS • Approaches to MIS design • by-product • null • key variable • total study • critical success factor

21. Informal and Formal Information • Formal • produced by standard procedures • objective • relevant • Informal • subjective • qualitative • arrives via non-standard channels