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Tsunami

Tsunami. Tsunami. Very fast wave with a HUGE wavelength , triggered by a disturbance. Velocity. Landslides Volcanic eruptions Meteor impacts Earthquakes. 2004 Sumatra. 2004 Sumatra. Lituya Bay, Alaska. 1,720 feet. Shallow- vs. Deep-water waves. Shallow- vs. Deep-water waves. λ.

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Tsunami

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  1. Tsunami

  2. Tsunami Very fast wave with a HUGEwavelength,triggered by a disturbance Velocity

  3. Landslides • Volcanic eruptions • Meteor impacts • Earthquakes

  4. 2004 Sumatra

  5. 2004 Sumatra

  6. Lituya Bay, Alaska

  7. 1,720 feet

  8. Shallow- vs. Deep-water waves

  9. Shallow- vs. Deep-water waves λ λ/2 Deep

  10. Shallow- vs. Deep-water waves Shallow

  11. Shallow-water waves

  12. Example • D = 3,800 m (average depth)

  13. Wind Waves vs. Tsunamis Wind Generated Waves • 5-20 seconds period • 300-600 ft wave length • 10 kph speed Tsunami Waves • 10 min-2 hr period • Wave length HUGE (can be > 100 km) • 700 kph speed

  14. E proportional to H2 × λ Height . . . 500 × greater!

  15. Attenuation!! High frequency: treble Low frequency: bass

  16. Velocity • Energy proportional to A2 × vLittle energy lost, soA2 × v ≈ constant •  v decreases, A increases Amplitude

  17. The Great Sumatra Tsunami of 2004 • MW = 9.3 • 275,000 dead • Waves up to 100 ft

  18. Video of Sumatra Tsunamifrom Thai TV station

  19. 2004 Indonesia Tsunami

  20. 1964 Tsunami, Alaska

  21. Banda Aceh:June 23rd 2004 DigitalGlobe

  22. Banda Aceh: December 28th 2004 DigitalGlobe

  23. Gleebrook Village:June 23rd 2004 DigitalGlobe

  24. Gleebrook Village: December 28th 2004 DigitalGlobe

  25. Tsunami damage from: • Force of water (in & out) • Force of debris • Flooding (water damage) • Flooding (crop damage)

  26. What is it like to experience a tsunami? • May be preceded by drop in water level • Several waves, separated by5 – 300 minutes • First is rarely largest Hilo, Hawaii Marigram

  27. The Great ChileTsunami of 1960 • MW = 9.5 • Crossed ocean • Waves up to ≈ 20 ft

  28. > 10,000 miles The Great ChileTsunami of 1960 Onagawa Japan

  29. Onagawa, Japan, 1960 4:40 a.m.

  30. Onagawa, Japan, 1960 4:45 a.m.

  31. Onagawa, Japan, 1960 4:50 a.m.

  32. Onagawa, Japan, 1960 7:30 a.m.

  33. Tsunami coming ashore

  34. Tsunami produced by landslides, eruptions, impacts • Disturbance at surface  λ ≈ size of disturbance • λ ≈ several km  much SMALLER than earthquake tsunami • Attenuates faster • Causes local damage only

  35. Krakatoa, 1883

  36. 1842-2006: 3532+ deaths 1842-2006: 579 deaths

  37. 1918 Puerto Rico Tsunami Michael Count

  38. 1918 Puerto Rico Tsunami Michael Count

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