1. WELCOME TO CLS 1113 INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL LABORATORY PRACTICES

2. LABORATORY SAFETY • How safe are you???? • We can group laboratory safety into two groups. • Biological • Chemical

3. Biological Safety • How are diseases transmitted in the lab? • Inhalation, Ingestion, Inoculation • What types of diseases are we at risk for. • HIV • HBV • HCV • HIV • Affects our T-cells (lymphocytes)

4. Diseases Continued • Hepatitis • Define: • Types • A • B • C • Others • Incubation and transmission

5. OSHA • Occupational Health and Safety Act (1970) • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Dept. of Labor) • Initially these rules did not apply to governmental agencies • All types of industry must have extensive safety manuals and protection equipment. • New regulations (Protective Needles)

6. CDC • To help us further, in 1987 the CDC published a set of recommendations we now call “Universal Precautions”. • Treat ALL patient samples as if they were infectious.

7. Proper Disposal Biohazard Bags

8. Sharps Containers

9. Broken Glass • Uncontaminated glass only • Contaminated glass must go in sharps containers.

10. If you spill a biohazard. • Inform those around you what has transpired. • Squirt down the spill with the provided surface disinfectant. • Wipe up spill. • Everything goes in the trash.

11. Protective Equipment

13. Fire Extinguishers • Types • A • B • C

14. Notice to all students!!!!! • No eating, drinking, smoking, or applying make-up in the lab. WHY? • Do not store food in lab refrigerators.

15. Other rules of conduct • No open-toed shoes • We advise against wearing contacts • Lab coats must be buttoned-up and worn at all times. • Calm down your hair if it is out of control • If you discover an electrical hazard, please inform the lab manager.

16. Strong Acids and Bases • Caustic chemical if…. • pH is >12.5 or < 2.0 • Dilute acids with Sodium Bicarbonate. • Dilute bases with dilute Boric Acid. • When mixing acids or bases with water: • ADD THE CHEMICAL TO THE WATER

17. Hazards to be aware of. • Ethers-explosive • Cyanide-poisonous when mixed with strong acids • Mercury • Sodium Azide-combustible with metals • Nitric Acids-forms triple bonds with alcohols and aromatic compounds. • Picric Acid-explosive when dry

18. MSDS • Define MSDS: • Why? Employee right to know! • Available for EACH chemical in the lab. • For example…. • Chemical and trade name • Chemicals, hazards, physical data, health hazards, fire and explosion data, and protection and treatment information.

19. MSDS • Information on each sheet • Hazardous ingredients • Physical and chemical characteristics • Physical hazards • Reactivity • Health hazards • Precautions for safe handling and use • Regulatory information

20. Common Safety Symbols

21. CARCINOGEN

22. Examples: • acids <2.0 pH • bases >12.5

23. Examples: • Sodium Azide • Ether • Nitric Acid with alcohol

24. Examples: • alcohols • acetone • solvents • Flammable substances must be kept in a special cabinet.

26. National Fire Protection Agency • They wanted to not only show the hazard but also how severe the hazard is. • 0-no hazard • 1-slight • 2-moderate • 3-severe • 4-extreme

27. Colors • red--flammability • blue--health • yellow--reactivity • white--other • don’t add water • radioactive • etc.

28. #1- slight flammability, extreme reactivity, severe health, and do not add water #2- moderate flammability, slight reactivity, and no known health hazard EXAMPLES