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Addressing Urban Vulnerability to Climate Change: Findings from Dhaka, Bangladesh

Addressing Urban Vulnerability to Climate Change: Findings from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Craig Johnson and Iftekhar Haque Department of Political Science and International Development Studies University of Guelph, Canada. Objective.

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Addressing Urban Vulnerability to Climate Change: Findings from Dhaka, Bangladesh

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  1. Addressing Urban Vulnerability to Climate Change: Findings from Dhaka, Bangladesh Craig Johnson and IftekharHaque Department of Political Science and International Development Studies University of Guelph, Canada

  2. Objective • How cities are getting prepared to address the challenge of climate change • Mainstreaming climate change policies in urban planning • Management of urban fringe development

  3. Climate Change and Bangladesh • IPCC 2007: One of the most vulnerable countries to climate change • Short term climate shocks: • Cyclones • Floods • Prolonged droughts • Salinity • Long term: • Sea level rise

  4. Flows of Migration from Climate Hotspots “Migration to cities is the most common coping strategy” Source: World bank (2010)

  5. Typical destination of climate induced migrants

  6. Dhaka’s vulnerability to climate change • Excessive Rain • Water logging • Floods • Damage of households in slums • Damage of roads • Water borne diseases • Drought • Heat/Cold Wave • Temperature Increase

  7. Growth of Dhaka City

  8. Dhaka’s Changing Land Use Source: Dewan and Yamaguchi (2009)

  9. Methodology • A six-month study in Dhaka’s Eastern fringe • key informant interviews • Politicians • Bureaucrats • Urban Planners • Academics • Real Estate companies • Survey of 200 households • FGDs with affected populations

  10. Agricultural land Flood Flow Zones Water retention bodies

  11. Detailed Area Plan: Violated by Government Purbachal New Town Jhilmil Residential area

  12. Detailed Area Plan: Violated by Government Purbachal New Town Private Housing Projects Jhilmil Residential area

  13. Detailed Area Plan: Violated by Private Sector • Illegal land filling for housing projects • Forced purchasing of land • Land grabbing

  14. Possible Consequences • Increased risk of floods and water logging • Health hazards • Loss of agricultural production • Earthquake’s consequence will be dreadful • Displacement • Livelihood

  15. Incidence of forced purchase by real estate companies

  16. Distribution of household heads according to major occupations (%) Occupation changed from 2000-2010 (%)

  17. Challenges • Capital Development Authority’s dual role as regulator and real estate • Strong lobby of real estates and land developers • Influence on politics • Media

  18. Policy options • Reform of the Capital Development Authority (RAJUK). • DAP implantation commission • Justice • Urban planners • Environmental experts

  19. Thank You!

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