2. بالعربية

3. Humorous Attempts to Describe the Sound of the letter ع

4. “One eminent Arabist once suggested that the best way to pronounce this letter is to gag. ...

5. “One eminent Arabist once suggested that the best way to pronounce this letter is to gag. ... It sounds rather like the bleating of a lamb, but smoother.”

6. “One eminent Arabist once suggested that the best way to pronounce this letter is to gag. ... It sounds rather like the bleating of a lamb, but smoother.” —Nicholas Awde and Putros Samano, The Arabic Alphabet: How to Read it and Write it (Lyle Stuart, 1987), 25-26

8. Great book!

9. Great book! How Josh learned to write in Arabic!

10. “Similar to the sound of incipient vomiting.”

11. “Similar to the sound of incipient vomiting.” —Franz Rosenthal, A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic, 5th ed., Porta Linguarum Orientalium 5 (Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz, 1983), 7.

12. “This [ع] and... [the letters ﺹ , ﺽ , ﻁ , ﻅ] are rarely well-pronounced by non-Arabs, and they are best learned from an Arab.”

13. “This [ع] and... [the letters ﺹ , ﺽ , ﻁ , ﻅ] are rarely well-pronounced by non-Arabs, and they are best learned from an Arab.” —John A. Haywood and H. M. Nahmad, A New Arabic Grammar of the Written Language (Lund Humphries, 1962), 7.

15. Came out in 1963. “ ”

16. Came out in 1963. “ ” A standard reference grammar.

17. Lots of detailed information and more literary vocab. Came out in 1963. “ ” A standard reference grammar.

18. Lots of detailed information and more literary vocab. Came out in 1963. “ ” Want to read Classical/Qur’anic Arabic? Good place to start. There are exercises. A standard reference grammar.

19. أَلْ

20. أَلْ Definite article

21. Hamzah prounounced at the beginning of an utterance (also written, in a fully vowelled text) أَلْ Definite article

22. Hamzat-ul-wasl written when ’alif elides (hamzah not pronounced) ٱلْ

23. بَاب

24. أَلْبَاب

25. Ba’ stays the same أَلْبَاب

26. Sukun over lam Ba’ stays the same أَلْبَاب

27. Sukun over lam Ba’ stays the same أَلْبَاب قَمْرِي

28. Sukun over lam Ba’ stays the same أَلْبَاب قَمْرِي door

29. شُبَّاك

30. أَلشُّبَّاك

31. Shaddah over shin أَلشُّبَّاك

32. No sukun over lam Shaddah over shin أَلشُّبَّاك

33. No sukun over lam Shaddah over shin أَلشُّبَّاك شَمْسِي

34. No sukun over lam Shaddah over shin أَلشُّبَّاك شَمْسِي window

35. كُرْسِي

36. أَلْكُرْسِي

37. قَمْرِي أَلْكُرْسِي

38. قَمْرِي أَلْكُرْسِي window

39. تِلِفُون

40. أَلتِلِفُون

41. شَمْسِي أَلتِّلِفُون

42. شَمْسِي أَلتِلِفُون telephone

43. قَلَم

44. أَلْقَلَم

45. قَمْرِي أَلْقَلَم

46. قَمْرِي أَلْقَلَم pen

47. كِتَاب

48. أَلْكِتَاب

49. قَمْرِي أَلْكِتَاب

50. قَمْرِي أَلْكِتَاب book