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Natural Gas: A Transportation Fuel for the Future?

Natural Gas: A Transportation Fuel for the Future? . Wisconsin Freight Rail Day October 26, 2012 The Plaza Hotel & Suites, 1202 West Clairemont Avenue Eau Claire, Wisconsin Richard D. Stewart, Ph.D., CTL. October 17, 2012 Opinion Poll

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Natural Gas: A Transportation Fuel for the Future?

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  1. Natural Gas: A Transportation Fuel for the Future? Wisconsin Freight Rail Day October 26, 2012 The Plaza Hotel & Suites, 1202 West Clairemont AvenueEau Claire, Wisconsin Richard D. Stewart, Ph.D., CTL

  2. October 17, 2012 Opinion Poll Do you foresee a day in the not-too-distant future when railroads will run trains on natural gas?

  3. Oil: The fuel of the future! From 1860s until the 1950s coal was the principal fuel for Great Lakes vessels and rail locomotives. In the 1940s and 50s A fuel oil supply chain had to be developed to provide oil to the vessels and locomotives.

  4. MARAD five year funding with Lake Carriers and industry support • A feasibility study to look at fuel alternatives (natural gas – primarily LNG, with considerations for CNG) for repowering the Great Lakes’ vessels. • A demonstration project to consider engineering design implications for a selected ship. (S.S. Badger – car and passenger ferry with service between Manitowoc, WI and Ludington, MI)

  5. Supply Chain Study of regional gas availability, and accessibility, liquefaction facilities and capacity, transportation and routing of gas supplies in the Great Lakes region. • Research into the regulatory requirements for fueling vessels with LNG and CNG at terminals, docks and midstream. • Education and Outreach with Industry- • Great Lakes Waterways Conference, hosted an LNG studies panel • Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers meeting, 2-day agenda • Twin Cities Transportation Club • Institute of Supply Management • MN Environmental Initiative • Norway Technological visit

  6. Emissions reductions: A driver of change

  7. Vessels need to reduce air emissions

  8. Carrier Options to meet Emissions Regulations

  9. Europe has been using LNG fueled ships for a decade! $15 Million US for LNG Supply Chain Study

  10. US Flag LNG Powered Offshore Supply Vessels Building four U.S. flag vessels: 2- 2,700KW Internal Combustion Engines: Total LNG fueled engines 7,500 KW LOA 302’, Draft 20’ 4.5” Beam 64’

  11. Some of the New LNG vessels Fueling an LNG vessel: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQ3tqifW9nA&feature=related

  12. Canada Marine Ferries to useLNG • In another Canadian first, GazMétro Transport Solutions will be supplying liquefied natural gas (LNG) to three new ferries ordered by the Société des traversiers du Québec. The ferry operator is abandoning fuel oil for two of its crossings in favor of liquefied natural gas, a cleaner and more economical fuel. • By the end of 2013, the crossings between Tadoussac / Baie-Sainte-Catherine and Matane / Baie-Comeauwill be served by the new LNG ships. GazMétro Transport Solutions will use its tankers to supply the ferries.

  13. WI Truck Conversions to CNG or LNG La Crosse, WI

  14. Canada Trucking LNG Truck Supply Chain "Blue Road" project • GazMétro Transport Solutions is currently engaged in the first liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuelling project in Canada: the "Blue Road." • This important commercial fuelling project will include three LNG fuelling stations. They will be strung along the heavily travelled corridor linking Highway 20 in Québec to Highway 401 in Ontario.

  15. Mining Industry Conversion of Trucks • Gaseous Fuel Systems Corporation (GFS) announced today that it will be converting Three Alpha Coal West Caterpillar 793 mine haul trucks to operate on a LNG / diesel combination, resulting in a substantial fuel savings for Alpha’sBelle Ayr Coal Mine outside Gillette, Wyoming. September 2011 http://www.gfs-corp.net. Converts CAT 777C to 60% Liquefied Natural Gas – 2010 Bi-Fuel conversion system Operates in coal mines Harlan County, KY Preparing to convert fleet for KY and WV

  16. Rail Industry Considering Options • Doug Longman, a researcher at the Argonne National Laboratory, said that “the railroads would really like to be able to use natural gas in their locomotives. It’s a cost issue.” Last year, the rising diesel prices led to the annual fuel bill for Union Pacific Railroad to reach $3.6 billion, accounting for 26 percent of overall expenses; up from 13 percent of total costs back in 2001. Christian Science Monitor, By James Burgess, Guest blogger / October 14, 2012

  17. BNSF Main Line LNG Powered Engines 1991-1996 Conversions worked 1600 mile coal route - 800 mile range Economical BN determined that natural gas to provide a 10% to 20% cost savings over Diesel Estimated it could save $200 million a year in fuel if it converted its entire locomotive fleet of engines Using natural gas reduces engine maintenance costs It is estimated that engine life cycle can be improved by as much as 40 percent “Engines can go 2 to 3 times as long between lubrications, oil, and filter changes.” Not adopted because LNG supply chain not mature Experiments done prior to current discovery of natural gas reserves

  18. Short Haul LocomotivePacific Harbor Line Inc. Long Beach/LA Why it worked well… • LNG locomotive cost approximately 23% less to fuel on an energy-equivalent basis • LNG burned 72 diesel-equivalent gallons compared to 65 gallons of diesel burned by diesel locomotive (per day) • Emitted an estimated 81% less oxides of nitrogen (NOx) & 57% less particulate matter (PM) compared to new Tier 2 locomotive Why it didn’t work so well… • Logistics & mechanical issues associated with fueling negatively impacted the locomotive’s service capability • Needed to be refueled every 3 days compared to once a week • Lacked a reliable fuel gauge • Difficult requirements imposed by the local fire department • Extra labor during fueling • Fee paid to LAPD for fire inspector • Fuel slowly boil off over time • Less reliable than diesel • Out of service approximately 15-20% more often than the diesel fleet • Low main air pressure, failed spark plug transformer Experiments on 1200 HP Switch Engine 2008-2009

  19. CN Testing Natural Gas Locomotives CN Rail is experimenting with some locomotives in Northern Alberta. They're exploring the use of natural gas as an alternative to diesel in the Oilsands town of Fort McMurray. The Class I retrofitted diesel engines in two 3,000-horsepower, Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) SD40-2 locomotives to run on natural gas, using conversion kits supplied by Energy Conversions Inc. (ECI). The hybrid-fuel locomotive can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 30 percent and cut nitrogen oxide emissions by 70 percent over a locomotive duty cycle, according to ECI. The retrofitted locomotives use 90 percent natural gas and 10 percent diesel fuel for ignition, and are paired with a natural gas fuel tender between them.

  20. Do I use CNG or LNG???? • Compressed natural gas – Unlikely for vessels • Must be compressed – cost – initial and long term • High pressure containment – 4500 PSI • Lower BTU content for same volume • High pressure, asphyxiant and flammability safety issues • Liquefied natural gas • Must be liquefied –cost- initial and long term • Cryogenic Stored at Minus 160 degrees centigrade • Stored at low pressure • Higher BTU content for same volume • Cryogenic, asphyxiant, however non toxic not flammable as a liquid • The selection of CNG or LNG is very case specific!

  21. LNG Cost Breakdown (February 2012) Commodity Transportation Liquefaction These percentages can vary depending on location and volume .

  22. What is an LNG supply chain like?

  23. LNG Truck station Seville, OH Partially funded by OH grants Clean Energy Investing $150 Million in LNG stations in the US. Fueling a truck http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-8zCUPoxu0&feature=related

  24. Baltic using marine LNG supply chain

  25. Intermodal LNG System

  26. Containerized LNG supply chain

  27. Liquefaction Plant in the Twin Ports • Community open to industry • Existing Peakshaving liquefaction plant within 40 miles in Wrenshall, MN • Natural gas pipelines in place • Transportation hub – 4 class 1 railroads, largest dry bulk port in US, trucking • Skilled workforce and industrial base • Market of 4.3 million people within 250 mile dray by truck.

  28. 4.3 Million People Twin Ports LNG Terminal Marketing Region Transit Trucking Pipeline 250-Mile Radius of Duluth and Chicago Marine Transportation Mining Rail

  29. Liquefaction Plant in the Twin Ports • Potential customer base: • Marine fueling • Rail yards – switch engines – main line • City Transit • Mining industry • Trucking industry – long haul, local, regional • Agriculture • Delivery to other communities by truck, rail or water June 19, 2012 Conference

  30. Thank You – Questions?www.glmri.org Photo by Chris J. Benson

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