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Electrolytes

Electrolytes. Electrolytes. Are substances that form positive(+) and negative (-) ions in water Conduct an electric current. Electrolytes in the Body. Carry messages send to and from the brain as electrical signals Maintain cellular function with the correct concentrations electrolytes.

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Electrolytes

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  1. Electrolytes

  2. Electrolytes • Are substances that form positive(+) and negative (-) ions in water • Conduct an electric current

  3. Electrolytes in the Body • Carry messages send to and from the brain as electrical signals • Maintain cellular function with the correct concentrations electrolytes

  4. Strong Electrolytes are 100% ionized saltsH2O 100%ions NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) H2O CaBr2(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2Br- (aq) acidsH2O HCl(g) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

  5. Weak electrolytes • Most of the solute exists as molecules in solution • Only a few solute particles produce ions HF + H2O  H3O+(aq) + F- (aq) acid NH3 + H2O  NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq) base

  6. Classification of electrolytes • Acids Binary acids • Ternary acids (oxyacids) • Thioacids • Monoprotic acids • Polyprotic acids • Strong acids • Weak acids

  7. Bases Monovalent • Polyvalent • Strong • Weak • Basic oxides – base anhydrides • Oxides of metals • Salts Strong electrolytes!!!

  8. Important Facts • HCl, HNO3 – strong acids • 100% dissociation (no equilibrium, no K) • HCl  H+ + Cl– • 0%HCl, 100% H+, 100% Cl– • H+ is a proton, a subatomic particle and does not exist alone in solution • Really H+ + H2O  H3O+ (hydronium ion) HNO3 + H2O  NO3– + H3O+

  9. conc. of ionic form a = total concentration a ≤1 Strong electrolytes weak electrolytes Degree of dissociation: a Strong electrolyte: a1 Weak electrolyte: a < 0.5

  10. _ +     H H H H+ Cl- H _ O O + H O O H H H Conductivity of electrolytes

  11. H O Na+OH- H O H H H O O H H H 1 Conductivity=  + 1 cm 1 cm ( = resistance) V = 1 cm3

  12. H2SO4 NH4Cl NaCl cc.  =specific conductivity 

  13. v a = inf Equivalent conductivity:  Conductivity of equivalent amount of electrolyte  = V V = equivalent dilution in cm3 ainf = 1 v = a

  14. 400 300 200 100 cc. ( ) 1 10-4 10-5 10-1 10-2 10-3 10 Strong acid Strong base Weak acid Weak base Salt

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