GLE’s Covered in this Presentation

1. Benchmark SC.F.1.2.4:The student knows that similar cells form different kinds of structuresOphir Ortiz

2. GLE’s Covered in this Presentation • Fourth 1. knows that living things are composed of cells. 2. knows that processes needed for life are carried out by the cells.   • Fifth 1. uses magnifying tools to identify similar cells and different kinds of structures. 2. knows the parts of plants and animal cells. 3. understands how similar cells are organized to form structures (for example, tissue, organs) in plants and animals.

3. Outline • What is a cell? • “How Big” Applet 1 • Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells • Parts of Bacteria Cells • Hands-On Activity 1/ Worksheet 1 • Parts of Plant Cells (hyperlinked) • Parts of Animal Cells (hyperlinked) • Parts of a Cell Applet 2/ Worksheet 2 • Brain Pop Video 1: Cell Structure • Hands-On Activity 2: Build Model of Animal Cell and Plant Cell using Play-doh and Candy/Pasta • Brain Pop Video 2: Cell Specialization • Nutrient Transport into Cells • Hands-On Activity 3/ Worksheet 3: Nutrient Transport into Cell Membrane • Tissues- Animal (human) and Plant • Organs- Human • Organs Game Applet 3 • Appendix- Play-doh recipe, Additional Resources/Links

4. Cell Overview • All living organisms are made up of cells • “building blocks of life” • Mold on bread, your dog, pine trees, etc. are all made up of cells • Cells are so small, they need to be magnified to be seen • Microscopes are used to magnify cells

5. Cell Overview There are more than 10 trillion cells, and over 200 types of cells in the human body, that very greatly in size, shape, and function!!!

6. How Big are Cells?

7. Why are cells important? • Cells can: • take in nutrients, • convert these nutrients into energy • carry out specialized functions • reproduce as necessary • Each cell stores its own set of instructions (DNA) for carrying out each of these activities • Depending on the type of cell, DNA may be stored inside the nucleus, or it is free floating inside the cell

8. CELL NUCLEUSThe Command Center The cell nucleus acts like the “command center” of the cell It consists of a nuclear envelope, (the outer membrane) and nucleoplasm In the nucleoplasm you can see chromatin and the nucleolus It regulates all cell activity http://biology.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://personal.tmlp.com/Jimr57/textbook/chapter3/chapter3.htm

9. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic • There are two general classes of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic Cells: found in one-celled organisms; do not have a nucleus (bacteria) Eukaryotic Cells: found in organisms composed of many cells; cells have a membrane-bound nucleus (plant cells, animal cells)

10. Prokaryotic: Bacteria Cell

11. Parts of Bacteria Cells

12. What is bacteria? • Bacteria are one-celled organisms that reproduce very quickly • Some are good, some are bad! • Good bacteria are in your stomach, in yogurt, and in bread. Yum! Leptospira, which causes serious disease in livestock

13. Hands-on Activity 1/ Worksheet 1 “Caught Dirty-Handed” Reference: http://www.microbe.org/experiment/dirty-handed.asp

14. Eukaryotic: Animal Cell

15. Parts of Animal Cells

16. Parts of Animal Cells (cont’d)

17. Eukaryotic: Plant Cell

18. Parts of Plant Cells

19. Parts of Plant Cells

20. Parts of a CellApplet

21. Brain Pop Video 1:Cell Structures

22. Hands-on Activity 2:Build Animal and Plant Cell Models using Play-doh and Candy/Pasta In this exercise, the student will become familiar with the different parts of the animal cell and the plant cell. This will be accomplished by using playdoh as the “cytoplasm”, seran wrap as the “cell membrane”, and various candies and pasta for other components of the cells. Reference: http://www.edu.pe.ca/gray/class_pages/rcfleming/cells/demos.htm

23. Finished Model of Animal Cell Secretory Vesicle Vacuole Cell Membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Golgi Apparatus Cytoplasm Vacuole Animal Cell

24. Finished Model of Plant Cell Cell Membrane (Seran wrap) Nucleolus ER Nucleus Lysosome Chloroplast Cytoplasm Peroxisome Vacuole Golgi Apparatus Mitochondrion Cell Wall (Al. foil) Plant Cell

25. Brain Pop Video 2:Cell Specialization

26. How do Nutrients Enter Cells? • Just like we need food to get energy, cells also need food (nutrients) • All cells have a thin cover called the cell membrane • Nutrients must pass through this cover (membrane) in order to get inside the cell • One way in which nutrients enter the cell is called “Diffusion”

27. Hands-on Activity 3/ Worksheet 3: Nutrients through the Cell Membrane (Diffusion) • Objective: - This shows how nutrients (iodine) pass, or diffuse, through the cell membrane (plastic bag) • Materials: • Beaker • Iodine • Cornstarch • Sealable plastic sandwich bags • Procedure: Step 1: Place 2 tsp. cornstarch in bag Step 2: Squeeze out as much air as possible, then seal bag. Step 3: Pour 1c. (~240mL) water into beaker Step 4: Add 20 drops of iodine into beaker with water Step 5: Place bag inside beaker, making sure all of cornstarch comes into contact with iodine/water mixture Step 6: Wait 25 min; most of the cornstarch will turn purple

28. What Happens When a Number of Cells Get Together??? • The simplest living creatures are composed of simple cells, but in complex organisms such as human beings and plants, the hierarchy continues on to the tissue level • Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function

29. Human Tissues

30. Human Tissues Epithelium Connective cartilage Muscle cardiac Nervous central nervous system

31. Plant Tissues

32. Plant Tissues

33. Organs • An organ is a structure composed of at least two tissue types • Examples of organs in humans include kidneys, spleen, liver, heart, lungs

35. Appendix

36. Recipe for Play-doh • 2 1/2 cups of flour • 1/2 cup salt • 2 packages dry unsweetened Kool-Aid • 2 cups boiling water • 3 tablespoons oil Recipe obtained from: http://k2.kirtland.cc.mi.us/~balbachl/kidrecip.htm#Doh

37. Additional Resources/ Links • Bacteria hands-on activity: How Do You Make Perfect Yogurt? http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=2515 • Experiments dealing with bacteria/germs http://www.microbe.org/experiment/experiments.asp • “Cells Alive” interactive website http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/plntcell.htm • Link to Free BrainPop Short Videos, various topics http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078617022/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html

38. Additional Resources/ Links • Various science- related applets http://www.iknowthat.com/com/L3?Area=Science+Lab&COOK • Animal Cell Coloring - general animal cell, coloring http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellcolor.html • Plant Cell Coloring - plant cellhttp://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellcolor-plant.html • Cell Theory Rap - poem to help learn about cellshttp://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cellrap.html

39. Additional Resources/ Links Cell City Analogy - worksheet that describes a city, comparing to organelles http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/cell-analogy.html Organs Game (from Slide ) and other virtual games dealing with the human body http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/index_interactivebody.shtml Animal Tissue slides http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookAnimalTS.html Plant tissue http://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/botf99/tissimages/tiss1.html

40. Questions???