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Essential Question

In Chapter 10, Section 3, we explore Thomas Jefferson's approach to international conflicts during his presidency. Aiming to maintain peace and avoid "entangling alliances," Jefferson's policies faced significant challenges, especially with American merchants trading worldwide. The resurgence of war between Britain and France in 1803 intensified tensions, leading to the British impressment of American sailors. Jefferson's response was the controversial Embargo Act of 1807, intended to prevent foreign conflicts but ultimately harming U.S. interests and his reputation.

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Essential Question

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Essential Question How did Jefferson decide to handle conflicts the U.S. had with other nations?

  2. The Path to War Chapter 10 Section 3 Pt I

  3. More Problems w/ Neutrality • TJ tried to keep friendly relations w/ other nations w/o engaging in “entangling alliances” • This approach, unfortunately, was doomed from the start b/c 1. American merchants were trading worldwide 2. The U.S. had no control over actions of foreign nations • When war broke out btwn Britain & France again in 1803, major problems arose

  4. Theft • At first, the U.S. tried to stay out of the conflict militarily • However, U.S. merchants attempted to continue trading w/ both sides • The result was the British & French capturing any ship bound for the enemy

  5. Impressment • A 2nd conflict grew out the British policy of impressment • Life in the British Navy was so bad that British citizens often refused to join • In turn, the British often kidnapped American sailors and forced them into Naval service

  6. No More Trade • Btwn 1803 & 1812, 6000 Americans were impressed into the British Navy • Many Americans, most notably a group known as the “War Hawks”, pushed for military action • TJ resisted and instead asked Congress to pass legislation ending all foreign trade! • TJ called the Embargo Act of 1807 “peaceable coercion” b/c this act, even though it was unpopular, would prevent bloodshed

  7. TJ’s Response

  8. The “Ograbme”

  9. Results of the Embargo Act • The act was meant to stop Britain & France from stealing ships/impressing sailors • The EA became increasingly unpopular b/c: 1. It forbade U.S. merchants from trading in foreign ports 2. It also closed U.S. ports to British ships • However, it ended up hurting U.S. merchants much more than Britain or France 3. B/c farmers lost foreign markets and shippers lost income, many resorted to smuggling • B/c this was TJ’s idea, he took most of the blame • When he left office in 1808, TJ was extremely unpopular

  10. Summary/Test Question • Which of the following is true of the Embargo Act? • It banned all U.S. trade • It protected the U.S. from Napoleon • It was one of TJ’s greatest foreign policy successes • U.S. farmers suffered from not being able to sell goods overseas

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